Cash interest equals interest expenditure since the effective rate is equal to the market rate.
Cash interest is equal to interest expenditure multiplied by the par value of the debt issued, which is equal to $95,720 (95,720/10%).
The schedule of amortization is shown below:
Date Cash Interest Effective interest Change in carrying value Carrying value
12/31/23 $0 $0 $0 $95,720
12/31/24 $9,572 $9,572 $0 $95,720
12/31/25 $9,572 $9,572 $0 $95,720
12/31/26 $9,572 $9,572 $0 $95,720
12/31/26 $95,720 $0 (95720) $0.
Amortization is an accounting technique that gradually lowers the accumulated value of the loan or other intangible asset over a certain period of time. In regard to how it impacts an asset, amortization is similar to depreciation.
Amortization is the process of lowering the value of a debt or an intangible asset. Amortization plans are used by lenders, notably financial institutions, to provide a loan payback timeline based on an established maturity date.
Intangibles will be amortized (expensed) over time in accordance with the matching principle of commonly used accounting principles (GAAP), which links the cost of the asset to the revenues it produces.
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The Covid-19 situation of 2020 has severely affected economies across the globe, including India’s. The Indian economy, too, has been severely affected by this crisis, with different sectors of the economy being affected to different levels. Based on your understanding of the situation, provide detailed answers for each of the components mentioned below. What type of unemployment would a country like India experience from such a pandemic? Please provide an explanation. Question 3B: What type of recession would be caused by such a pandemic? Provide an explanation. Question 3C: What would happen to the aggregate demand and aggregate supply in India because of the above two phenomena? Elaborate your answer. Question 3D: How will the AD/AS curves behave in this situation? Please elaborate your answer.
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a significant effect on the economies of countries worldwide. A country like India will experience structural unemployment from such a pandemic. Structural unemployment occurs when the economy experiences a long-term adjustment that renders a certain sector obsolete, and hence, results in a mismatch between available jobs and the available workforce.
For example, in the current situation, many businesses in the tourism, hospitality, and transportation sectors have been shut down. As a result, these workers have lost their jobs, and there are no new jobs in these sectors. However, there is a high demand for workers in sectors like healthcare, delivery, and e-commerce. These jobs require specialized skills, and the workers who lost their jobs in the affected sectors do not have these skills. This situation results in a mismatch between available jobs and the available workforce, hence causing structural unemployment.
A pandemic like COVID-19 would cause a demand-pull recession. A demand-pull recession occurs when aggregate demand falls sharply in the short-term due to a decrease in consumer confidence. This decrease in consumer confidence arises due to uncertainties that surround the pandemic, such as the uncertainty about the duration of the pandemic, the response of the government and the medical community, and the effectiveness of measures to combat the pandemic. This decline in consumer confidence leads to a decrease in consumption, and hence a decrease in aggregate demand. This reduction in aggregate demand is likely to cause a recession.
The above two phenomena are likely to lead to a decline in both aggregate demand and aggregate supply. The decline in aggregate demand is due to the decline in consumer confidence, which leads to a decline in consumption and hence aggregate demand. The decline in aggregate supply is due to the decrease in the labor force and capital caused by the pandemic. The structural unemployment resulting from the pandemic has led to a mismatch between available jobs and the available workforce, leading to a decrease in aggregate supply. In addition, businesses affected by the pandemic, such as those in tourism, hospitality, and transportation, have been shut down. This shutdown has led to a decrease in capital, which has further led to a decrease in aggregate supply.
In this situation, the AD/AS curves are likely to shift inward. The aggregate demand curve will shift inward due to the decrease in consumer confidence, leading to a decrease in consumption and hence aggregate demand. The aggregate supply curve will shift inward due to the decrease in labor and capital caused by the pandemic. The decrease in labor is due to the structural unemployment, which leads to a decrease in the labor force. The decrease in capital is due to the shutdown of businesses, which leads to a decrease in capital.
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What is the correct double entry for discounts allowed? 1. Debit discounts allowed, Credit payables 2. Debit receivables, Credit discounts allowed 3. Debit discounts allowed, Credit receivables 4. Debit Payables, Credit discounts allowed
The correct double-entry for discounts allowed is:
3. Debit discounts allowed, Credit receivables.
When a business offers discounts to its customers as an incentive for early payment, it records the discounts allowed in its accounting records.
The double entry for discounts allowed depends on whether the business is using the gross method or the net method of accounting for sales and receivables.
In the gross method, the business records the full amount of the sale as a debit to accounts receivable and a credit to sales revenue.
Then, when the customer pays within the discount period, the business needs to reduce the receivable and recognize the discount allowed.
This is done by debiting the discounts allowed account and crediting the receivables account.
The journal entry for discounts allowed would be:
Debit: Discounts Allowed
Credit: Receivables
For example, let's say a business offers a 2% discount to a customer who pays within 10 days. If the customer takes advantage of the discount and pays $1,000 within the discount period, the journal entry would be:
Debit: Discounts Allowed ($1,000 * 2% = $20)
Credit: Receivables ($1,000 - $20 = $980)
The correct double entry for discounts allowed is to debit the discounts allowed account and credit the receivables account.
This entry reflects the reduction in the amount receivable due to the discount offered to the customer.
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_____ sustainability is driven by ethics and human ideals of
protecting the planet and its people for the well-being of future
generations. Group of answer choices Environmental Social Political
Econo
The answer is social sustainability.
Social sustainability is the aspect of sustainability that is concerned with the well-being of people and communities. It is driven by ethics and human ideals of protecting the planet and its people for the well-being of future generations.
Social sustainability includes factors such as:
Quality of life: Social sustainability is about ensuring that people have a good quality of life, both now and in the future. This includes things like access to education, healthcare, and housing.
Equality: Social sustainability is also about ensuring that everyone has equal opportunities, regardless of their background or circumstances. This includes things like fighting discrimination and promoting social justice.
Sustainable communities: Social sustainability is also about building sustainable communities. This means creating communities that are resilient to shocks and stresses, and that are able to meet the needs of their residents now and in the future.
Social sustainability is an important part of overall sustainability. It is essential to ensure that the planet is protected for future generations, but it is also important to ensure that people are able to live good lives in the present. By focusing on social sustainability, we can create a better future for everyone.
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True or false when a brokerage house gives a margin call, you need to provide more collateral or your investment will be liquidated.
True. When a brokerage house issues a margin call, you must provide additional collateral or funds to meet the required margin level. Failure to do so may result in the liquidation of your investment .
A margin call occurs when the value of the securities held in a margin account falls below a certain threshold set by the brokerage house. This threshold is known as the maintenance margin. When a margin call is issued, the investor is required to either deposit additional funds or securities into the account to bring the margin level back up to the required amount.
If the investor fails to meet the margin call by providing the necessary collateral or funds, the brokerage house has the right to liquidate some or all of the investor's securities to cover the outstanding debt. This is done to protect the brokerage firm from potential losses in case the market continues to move against the investor.
It's important for investors who trade on margin to closely monitor their positions and maintain sufficient collateral to avoid margin calls. Margin trading can amplify both gains and losses, so it carries a higher level of risk compared to trading with cash-only accounts.
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A horizontal demand curve is perfectly price inelastic True False Reset Selection
" A horizontal demand curve is perfectly price inelastic " is a false statement.
A horizontal demand curve represents perfect price elasticity, not price in elasticity. In this case, a change in price would result in an infinite change in quantity demanded. Price elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of quantity demanded to changes in price.
If the demand curve is horizontal, it indicates that any change in price will lead to an infinite change in quantity demanded, indicating perfect elasticity. A vertical demand curve indicates that consumers are completely unresponsive to price changes, and the quantity demanded does not change.
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Team Group Meetings and Individual Submission for Analysis of Leadership Styles 30% Students will be asked to produce a 1500 words individual report considering the potential leadership styles suggested for their group meetings (2-3 students per group) as business executives of an innovative organisation. Please note that each of them must produce a separate report based on the meeting's findings. Detailed guidelines will be provided so that students can work together to consider their own leadership style and potential and provide guided feedback to others in their group meetings on their potential leadership style. They will be required to consider the role of leadership and leadership styles in an innovative organisational change process. This assessment will require students to meet couple of times to discuss and develop their analysis. Records of these meetings will need to be submitted as part of this assessment where they must provide the name and ID of the students with whom they communicated in each submission.
Students will be required to produce separate 1500-word individual reports analyzing potential leadership styles for their group meetings as business executives of an innovative organization.
They will need to consider their own leadership style and potential, as well as provide feedback to others in their group meetings. The reports should explore the role of leadership and leadership styles in an innovative organizational change process.
Each student will be responsible for writing their own report, based on the findings from the group meetings. The reports should include a discussion of potential leadership styles suitable for the context of an innovative organization. Students will need to analyze and evaluate their own leadership style and its relevance to the organizational change process. Additionally, they should provide feedback to their group members on their potential leadership styles, based on the discussions held during the meetings. The reports should be around 1500 words in length and should include the names and IDs of the students with whom they communicated during the group meetings.
This assessment aims to develop students' understanding of leadership styles and their application in an innovative organizational setting. Through group meetings and individual reports, students will gain insights into their own leadership potential and the styles that may be effective in driving organizational change. By providing feedback to their peers, students will also enhance their ability to assess and evaluate leadership styles.
The submission of meeting records will ensure transparency and accountability in the collaborative process. Overall, this assessment encourages critical thinking and self-reflection, while fostering effective communication and teamwork skills among the students.
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Graham Enterprises anticipates that its dividend at the end of the year will be $2.00 a share (i.e., D1 = $2.00). The dividend is expected to grow at a constant rate of 7 percent a year. The risk-free rate is 6 percent, the market risk premium is 5 percent, and the company's beta equals 1.2. What is the expected price of the stock three years from now?
Group of answer choices
56.1
52.8
49.0
46.5
The expected price of the stock three years from now is option A) $56.1.
The present value of a stock that is expected to pay a constant dividend indefinitely can be calculated using the Gordon growth model.
P = (D1 / (r - g))
Where,
P = price of the stock
D1 = expected dividend per share at the end of the year 1
r = the required rate of return on the stock
G = the expected growth rate of dividends
The expected growth rate of dividends, g, is calculated by multiplying the constant growth rate of dividends, g, by the current dividend.
D1 = $2.00g
= 7%
= 0.07r = rf + β (rm - rf)
= 6% + 1.2(5%)
= 12%
Using the Gordon growth model:
P = (D1 / (r - g))
P = ($2.00 / (0.12 - 0.07))
P = $40.00
Now, we need to find the expected price of the stock three years from now. We can find it by using the formula for the future value of a single sum.
FVn = PV(1 + r)n
FV3 = $40.00(1 + 0.12)3
FV3 = $56.10
Thus, the expected price of the stock three years from now is $56.1 (rounded to the nearest tenth). Therefore, the correct option is 56.1.
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why sequential cournot has a first mover advantage in game
theory
why sequential Bertrand has a second-mover advantage
In sequential Cournot competition, the first mover has an advantage due to its ability to set production quantity, which can preemptively influence market prices. On the other hand, in sequential Bertrand competition, the second mover has an advantage because it can strategically undercut the price set by the first mover.
In sequential Cournot competition, firms make production decisions one after the other, with the first mover choosing its quantity before the second mover. The first mover has an advantage because it can anticipate the response of the second mover and strategically set its production level to influence market prices. By choosing a higher quantity, the first mover can drive down prices and potentially deter the second mover from entering the market altogether, gaining a larger market share and higher profits.
In contrast, in sequential Bertrand competition, firms set prices sequentially rather than quantities. The first mover sets its price, and then the second mover observes the price and decides on its own price level. Here, the second mover has an advantage because it can strategically undercut the price set by the first mover. By setting a lower price, the second mover can attract customers away from the first mover and capture a larger market share, leading to higher profits.
The dynamics of first mover advantage in sequential Cournot and second mover advantage in sequential Bertrand competitions arise from the differences in strategic variables (quantity vs. price) and the order of decision-making. These nuances in the game structures highlight how strategic timing can impact competitive outcomes and firm strategies in oligopolistic markets.
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Please show detailed steps
Use the information for the question(s) below.
The Sisyphean Company has a bond outstanding with a face value of $1000 that reaches maturity in 15 years. The bond certificate indicates that the stated coupon rate for this bond is 8% and that the coupon payments are to be made semiannually.
Assuming the appropriate YTM on the Sisyphean bond is 9%, then this bond will trade at
a discount.
a premium.
par.
None of the above
The option is a. discount. The bond will trade at a discount.
Given data:
The bond certificate indicates that the stated coupon rate for this bond is 8% and that the coupon payments are to be made semiannually.
The Sisyphean Company has a bond outstanding with a face value of $1000 that reaches maturity in 15 years.
The appropriate YTM on the Sisyphean bond is 9%.
Since the bond's coupon rate is 8%, it's less than the yield to maturity (YTM) of 9%. The bond price will have to fall in order to increase the yield to maturity to 9 percent (because the coupon rate does not change).
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A stock has had returns of 5 percent, 14 percent, −3 percent, and 4 percent over the last four years. What is the geometric average return over this period? 5.33\% 4.83% 7.67% 5.00% 5.00%
The geometric average return over the period is 4.83%.
The geometric average return is also referred to as the geometric mean. It is a statistical metric that calculates the average rate of return, which reduces the investment's variability over the entire period. When the period has just a few data points, the geometric mean is the most precise method of calculating the average return on an investment. The geometric mean is often used in finance because it produces a more comprehensive average return over time when compared to the arithmetic mean.
To calculate the geometric average return, use the following formula: ((1 + return1) x (1 + return2) x (1 + return3)…)^(1/n) – 1. Where “n” is the number of years (or periods) in the data set.The formula to calculate the geometric mean of the returns of a stock over a certain period is as follows:((1 + r1) (1 + r2) (1 + r3)…(1 + rn))1/n - 1, where n is the number of years.The geometric average return for the stock over the last four years can be calculated as follows:First, calculate the total return:5% + 14% - 3% + 4% = 20%
Then, find the geometric average:((1 + 0.05) × (1 + 0.14) × (1 − 0.03) × (1 + 0.04))^0.25 − 1=1.0483 - 1= 0.0483 = 4.83%
Therefore, the geometric average return over this period is 4.83%.
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A: Opportunity cost approach is more commonly practiced in replacement analysis. B: Cashflow approach is meaningful when defender & challenger have same service life
In summary, the opportunity cost approach is commonly used in replacement analysis to evaluate the benefits and costs of replacing an asset by considering the opportunity cost of the resources used. The cash flow approach is meaningful when the defender and challenger have the same service life, as it compares the net cash flows generated by each option to determine the financially superior alternative. Both approaches provide valuable insights for decision-makers in assessing replacement decisions and making informed choices.
In replacement analysis, the opportunity cost approach is more commonly practiced. This approach considers the opportunity cost of replacing an asset by comparing the benefits and costs of the existing asset with those of a potential replacement.
The opportunity cost is the value of the next best alternative foregone when a decision is made. In replacement analysis, it refers to the benefits that would be obtained by using the resources used for replacement in the next best alternative use. By considering the opportunity cost, decision-makers can evaluate whether replacing an asset is economically justified. The opportunity cost approach involves comparing the cash inflows and outflows associated with the existing asset and the potential replacement over their respective service lives. If the net cash flow from the replacement option exceeds the net cash flow from the existing asset, it indicates that the replacement is financially beneficial and should be considered.
On the other hand, the cash flow approach is meaningful in replacement analysis when the defender (existing asset) and challenger (potential replacement) have the same service life. This approach focuses on comparing the cash flows generated by the defender and challenger over their respective service lives. It considers factors such as initial investment, operating costs, maintenance expenses, salvage value, and any other cash flows associated with the assets. By comparing the net cash flows of the defender and challenger, decision-makers can assess which option generates higher cash flows and choose the economically superior alternative.
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You have $6,500 invested in a 30-day savings certificate at an interest rate of 2.00%. To the nearest cent, how much money will you have when the certificate matures? A. $5,985.12 B. $6,510 68 C. $10 68 D. $6,600 68 E. 56,510 83
To the nearest cent, how much money will you have when the certificate matures is the question asked.A savings certificate is a certificate of deposit or a CD. It is a savings vehicle offered by banks and credit unions that locks up the invested funds for a set period of time for a specified rate of interest.
The interest rate on a savings certificate or a CD varies depending on the term of the certificate and the bank offering it. The longer the term, the higher the interest rate.The amount of money you will have when the certificate matures is $6,609.68.Option D: $6,600.68 is the correct answer to the question.Here is how to solve this Principal amount (P) = $6,500 Time (t) = 30 days (since the certificate matures in 30 days)Rate of interest (r) = 2.00% (2% as a decimal is 0.02)Amount (A) = Principal (P) + Interest (I)I = P × r × t/365 = 6,500 × 0.02 × 30/365I = $10.68 Amount (A) = $6,500 + $10.68 = $6,510.68 Therefore, you will have $6,510.68 when the certificate matures.
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Your Company decides to clean up its books at the end of the year. You collect $5,000 in receivables and use all of it to pay down $5,000 in payables due to your vendors. What is the effect on the current ratio and on working capital?
A) Current Ratio increases, working capital decreases by $5000.
B) Current Ratio decreases, working capital increases by $5000.
C) Current Ratio remains the same, working capital increases by $5000.
D) Current Ratio remains the same, working capital decreases by $5000
The effect on the current ratio and on working capital is Current Ratio remains the same, working capital increases by $5,000.
The correct option is C.
The current ratio is calculated by dividing current assets by current liabilities. The current ratio measures a company's ability to cover its short-term obligations with its short-term assets.
In this scenario, collecting $5,000 in receivables and using it to pay down $5,000 in payables does not affect the current assets or current liabilities. The overall level of current assets and current liabilities remains the same.
Therefore, the current ratio, which is the ratio of current assets to current liabilities, remains unchanged.
Working capital is calculated by subtracting current liabilities from current assets. It represents the amount of capital available to a company for its day-to-day operations.
Since the change in receivables and payables has no impact on current assets or current liabilities, the working capital increases by the full amount of $5,000. The company now has an additional $5,000 in working capital, which can be used for other purposes or to meet future obligations.
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Question 2 (35 marks) Part A (17 marks) ACY Limited ("ACY") started its operation in January 2020. ACY reported a pretax financial income of $500,000 and $600,000 in 2020 and in 2021, respectively. In 2020, ACY incurred a penalty expense of $10,000 (2021: $Nil). Penalty is not deductible for tax purpose. On 1 January 2021, ACY purchased a piece of special equipment for operation use. The equipment has a cost of $30,000, a useful life of 5 years, and no residual value. For financial reporting purpose, ACY records an annual depreciation expense of $6,000 in each year from 2021 to 2025. For tax purpose, the applicable tax laws allow 100% tax deduction for the equipment’s cost in the year of purchase. Except for the penalty expense and the depreciation of the equipment, there is no other permanent nor temporary difference in both 2020 and 2021. The enacted tax rate is 20%. Each financial year ends on 31 December.
Requirement:
A. 1 Calculate the taxable income in 2020 and in 2021, respectively. (6 marks)
A. 2 Discuss whether the difference in the depreciation expense for financial reporting and for tax purposes will create a deferred tax asset, a deferred tax liability, or neither in 2021? Support your argument with calculations. (6 marks)
A. 3 Prepare the journal entries to record income taxes for 2020 and 2021, respectively. (5 marks)
A.1 The taxable income in 2020 would be $490,000 ($500,000 pretax financial income minus $10,000 penalty expense). In 2021, the taxable income would be $600,000 since there were no penalty expenses incurred in that year.
A.2 The difference in the depreciation expense for financial reporting and for tax purposes will create a deferred tax liability in 2021. The depreciation expense for financial reporting is $6,000 per year from 2021 to 2025, resulting in a cumulative depreciation of $30,000 over the useful life of the equipment. However, for tax purposes, the equipment's cost of $30,000 is fully deductible in the year of purchase. This creates a temporary difference between the financial reporting and tax basis of the equipment. Since the tax deduction is higher in the early years (2021) compared to the depreciation expense recognized for financial reporting, taxable income will be lower in 2021. As a result, taxes payable will be lower than the taxes recognized for financial reporting, leading to a deferred tax liability. The deferred tax liability represents the future tax obligation that will arise when the temporary difference reverses in subsequent years.
A.3 The journal entries to record income taxes for 2020 and 2021 would be as follows:
2020:
Income Tax Expense $98,000
Deferred Tax Liability $98,000
2021:
Income Tax Expense $120,000
Deferred Tax Liability $120,000
In 2020, the income tax expense is calculated based on the taxable income of $490,000 and the enacted tax rate of 20%. Since there are no temporary differences other than the penalty expense, there is no deferred tax asset or liability recorded for 2020.
In 2021, the income tax expense is calculated based on the taxable income of $600,000 and the enacted tax rate of 20%. Additionally, a deferred tax liability of $120,000 is recognized to account for the temporary difference arising from the difference in depreciation expense between financial reporting and tax purposes. This deferred tax liability represents the future tax obligation that will be incurred when the temporary difference reverses in subsequent years.
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Determine whether you have enough monies to live comfortably each year for 20 years in your dream state of Oregon.
Assume you are at age 65 and have the following assets:
Pension Plan worth $375,000. You plan to take an ordinary annuity on your pension to withdraw all assets in 20 years. Assume 4. 5% interest per year. You will get monthly payments for 20 years.
Social Security - $27,600 per year for 20 years. Assume that this is the amount you will receive each year.
Savings worth $140,000. You plan to take an ordinary annuity to withdraw all assets in 20 years. Assume 4. 25% interest per year. You will get monthly payments for 20 years.
Answer the following questions:
What will be the monthly amount received individually from the pension plan, social security, and savings? What will be the monthly total? Round all 4 answers to the nearest penny.
What will be the yearly amount received individually from the pension plan, social security, and savings? What will be the yearly total? Round all 4 answers to the nearest dollar.
What will be the 20-year amounts received individually from the pension plan, social security, and savings? What will be the 20-year total amount? Round all 4 answers to the nearest dollar.
Is the total amount enough to retire comfortably in your dream state of Oregon? What are your plans to make the required savings now and/or in the future to live comfortably in your dream state? Explain
The given information is insufficient to provide specific calculations for the monthly, yearly, and 20-year amounts received individually from the pension plan, social security, and savings. However, with the provided information about the assets and their respective interest rates, it is possible to make some general observations. To determine the exact amounts, the formulas for calculating annuity payments would need to be applied.
In terms of retirement planning, it is important to consider various factors to assess whether the total amount received is enough to live comfortably in Oregon for 20 years. Factors such as living expenses, inflation, healthcare costs, and personal preferences need to be taken into account. It is recommended to create a detailed retirement budget that includes all expected expenses and compare it to the projected income from the pension plan, social security, and savings. This will help determine if the income is sufficient to cover living expenses and maintain a comfortable lifestyle.
If the total amount falls short of the desired retirement income, additional savings and investments may be necessary. Individuals can consider options such as contributing to retirement accounts (e.g., 401(k), IRA), investing in stocks or bonds, or exploring other income-generating opportunities. Working with a financial advisor can provide valuable guidance in developing a comprehensive retirement plan and making the necessary savings and investment decisions.
Ultimately, the ability to retire comfortably in Oregon depends on personal financial goals, lifestyle choices, and the level of financial security one desires. It is crucial to regularly review and adjust the retirement plan as circumstances change to ensure a comfortable and secure retirement.
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An assignment problem is a special form of transportation problem where all supply and demand values equal 1.
options:
a.True
b.False
A network is an arrangement of paths connected at various points through which items move.
options:
a.True
b.False
1. False. In an assignment problem, the supply and demand values do not have to be equal to 1.
2. True. A network refers to a system or structure that consists of interconnected paths or nodes through which items or information can flow.
1. In an assignment problem, the objective is to assign a set of resources (supply) to a set of tasks or activities (demand) in an optimal manner. The supply and demand values can be any positive integers representing the available quantities of resources and tasks, respectively. The goal is to minimize the total cost or maximize the total benefit associated with the assignments.
2. A network refers to a system of interconnected paths or nodes that facilitate the movement or flow of items, such as goods, information, or services. Networks can be physical, such as transportation networks comprising roads, railways, and airports, or virtual, such as computer networks and communication networks.
They are used to model and analyze the interactions and relationships between different components, allowing for efficient resource allocation, information exchange, and coordination. The concept of networks is widely applicable in various fields, including supply chain management, telecommunications, social networks, and operations management, to name a few.
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Starting a business does not necessarily mean that you must produce everything yourself. There
are plenty of third-party vendors that can provide you with certain items that will save you time
and money. If you start a new product-based business, you will face some important decisions,
whether to produce goods in-house or buy from external suppliers. In some ways, the make-or-
buy decision is also the starting point for operations to influence global supply chains. Therefore,
your task now is to conduct a make-or-buy analysis to identify the factors that influence a firm’s
decision on this matter. Provide real-life examples to support your discussion.
2. Trends in globalization continue to have an impact on businesses in every region of the world.
Evaluate why the company adopts a localization strategy or a global standardization strategy.
Provide real-life examples to support your discussion.
Make-or-buy analysis is a method used by companies to determine whether they should produce in-house or outsource their goods. This analysis is an important decision in new product-based businesses. The following are the factors that influence a firm’s decision on this matter:
Cost: The cost of producing a product in-house should be compared to the cost of outsourcing it to a supplier. The company must identify the fixed and variable costs of producing the product, such as labor, raw materials, and overhead. By comparing the cost of producing a product in-house to the cost of purchasing it from a supplier, the company can determine which option is more cost-effective.
Quality: The quality of a product can be affected by whether it is produced in-house or outsourced. Companies must ensure that their suppliers meet their quality standards. On the other hand, producing the product in-house allows the company to have better control over the quality of the product.
Capacity: A company must consider its production capacity when deciding whether to make or buy a product. If the company does not have enough capacity to produce the product in-house, it may be more cost-effective to outsource the product.
Lead Time: Companies must consider the lead time when deciding whether to make or buy a product. The lead time is the time it takes to produce and deliver the product to the customer. If the company does not have enough time to produce the product in-house, it may be more cost-effective to outsource the product.
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You are participating in a pension plan where the company's contributions vary from year to year, depending on the firm's performance. This is an example of a(n) Question 55 options: variable contribution plan. earnings establishment plan. performance retirement plan. profit-sharing plan. None of these.
The correct answer is option A. "variable contribution plan." The amount the company contributes to your pension plan will depend on how well the company performs financially.
In this type of pension plan, the company's contributions to the plan vary from year to year based on the firm's performance. This means that the amount the company contributes to your pension plan will depend on how well the company performs financially.
If the company has a good year, it may contribute more to the plan, while if the company has a bad year, it may contribute less. This type of plan allows the company to adjust its contributions based on its financial situation, and it can provide employees with the potential for higher contributions during good years.
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Correct answer:
You are participating in a pension plan where the company's contributions vary from year to year, depending on the firm's performance. This is an example of a(n) Question 55 options: a) variable contribution plan. b) earnings establishment plan. c) performance retirement plan. d) profit-sharing plan. e) None of these.
Read the following scenario, then answer the questions that follow.
Small businesses have many short-term needs, but hiring additional staff for a small project is usually out of the question because of the high cost. They certainly can't afford to call in a top-shelf consulting firm, like McKinsey, Bain, or the Boston Consulting Group. So, when these companies need fresh insight or a new marketing plan, they usually have to muddle through on their own.
But that is changing. Catalant (formerly HourlyNerd), a Boston-based online marketplace, got its start by meeting this growing demand for expertise by connecting small businesses with MBA students who could use the money and are up for the challenge of tackling short-term projects. Catalant's platform maximizes flexibility for firm and consultant alike, while lowering the cost of such services by as much as 80 percent.
The startup is the brainchild of Rob Biederman, Peter Maglathlin, and Patrick Petitti, who developed the concept as part of a class assignment while attending Harvard Business School. Catalant amassed a database of current MBA students at top-tier business schools around the world. The co-founders agreed from the start that the quality of students and their business acumen would be key to building credibility and forming a successful business model.
After graduation, the trio committed themselves to launching the company and, in time, secured millions of dollars from investors (including Shark Tank celebrity, Mark Cuban) to feed the fire of expansion for the high-potential venture. Since its early days, the startup has grown quickly, using social media and word-of-mouth from happy customers to acquire new clients. The business has served an array of customers, ranging from a very small Boston-area florist to giant firms like Microsoft and GE.
Catalant attracts clients with the promise of cutting personnel costs while accessing valuable and objective insights and skills from well-trained MBA student-consultants. The business model also tracks nicely with some very important fast-emerging trends. "The freelance economy's rapid growth is forcing a new conversation between global enterprises and top talent," says co-founder and co-CEO Biederman. As Catalant's founders and their expanding cadre of sales representatives have hit the streets to educate more companies about how they stand to benefit from working freelancer talent into their day-to-day operations, an avalanche of business has been coming their way.
The arrangement certainly works well for the student-consultants as well. Pursuing an MBA degree can be a very costly undertaking, adding financial strain to students who must put their professional lives on hold for years while completing their studies. During this period, some students have enough free time to take on short-term projects. Catalant simply provides a platform that allows them to flex their business acumen and earn extra income while pursuing their degrees.
Catalant has experienced tremendous growth, having connected client companies with a global network of 40,000 MBA students and other experienced independent consultants. It certainly creates an opportunity for small companies to access the talent they need, and at a price they can afford. But as Catalant has grown, so has the size of the clients with which it works. And the results speak for themselves since it appears that this entrepreneurial venture isn't going to run out of takers for its trend-matching services anytime soon.
How does Catalant help small businesses access the highly trained and talented expertise that they need and at a price they can afford?
a. By working with retired consultants, small businesses can leverage their connections for future contacts. b. Consultants in training offer lower rates but can still connect small companies to the big firms like Bain, McKinsey, and Boston Consulting Group. c. Catalant connects small businesses with MBA students, who have knowledge and ability to offer and who are motivated to take on such assignments because they want the experience and can use the money. d. Catalant only hires senior consultants who are looking to expand their networks into new industries and provides unique, out-of-the-box thinking and practices to common business problems. How can Catalant offer such value for businesses of all sizes and link these firms with consulting assistance?
a. Consultants can provide recommendations at a lower cost than hiring another full-time employee. b. Consultant recommendations always help to add value to a firm, so this is a "can't-miss" opportunity for companies. c. Catalant specializes in offering discounted rates for retired consultants who are looking for work on a part-time basis. d. Consultants always have the newest and best training and experience and know how to implement highly effective recommendations.
1. The correct answer is option C, Catalant connects small businesses with MBA students, who have knowledge and ability to offer and who are motivated to take on such assignments because they want the experience and can use the money.
Catalant helps small businesses access highly trained and talented expertise by connecting them with MBA students. These students possess the knowledge and skills needed for short-term projects and are motivated to take on these assignments to gain experience and earn income while pursuing their degrees.
2. The correct answer is option A, Consultants can provide recommendations at a lower cost than hiring another full-time employee.
Catalant offers value for businesses of all sizes by providing access to consultants who can offer recommendations at a lower cost compared to hiring another full-time employee. This allows businesses to access the expertise they need without the high cost associated with traditional consulting firms or hiring additional staff.
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1. Marketing is "meeting needs profitably." a): Yes b): No
2. CMO stands for…. a): Central Marketing Officer b): Chief
Management Officer c): ChiefMarketing Officer d): Country Marketing
Officer
1. Marketing is "meeting needs profitably."
a): Yes
b): NoMarketing is the act of promoting and selling goods or services. The American Marketing Association defines marketing as the process of identifying, predicting, and meeting customer needs profitably. Marketing entails identifying customer needs and wants, creating goods and services to meet those needs and wants, pricing the goods and services, promoting them, and distributing them in a way that meets customer needs profitably. Hence, the answer is yes, marketing is "meeting needs profitably."
2. CMO stands for….
a): Central Marketing Officer
b): ChiefManagement Officer
c): ChiefMarketing Officer
d): Country MarketingOfficerCMO stands for Chief Marketing Officer. The Chief Marketing Officer (CMO) is a C-level corporate executive who is in charge of an organization's marketing activities. The CMO is in charge of all of the company's marketing efforts, which may include everything from market research and advertising to branding and public relations. The CMO is accountable for ensuring that all of the company's marketing activities are aligned with its strategic objectives and goals. As a result, the answer to this question is option C, which stands for Chief Marketing Officer.
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Select one of the below that has the highest standard deviation of returns. Common stocks Long-term Treasury bonds Treasury bills Corporate bonds
The correct answer is common stocks. Standard deviation is a statistical measure that indicates how widely a fund's returns fluctuate around its mean or average returns.
Thus, the fund with the highest standard deviation of returns is the one whose returns fluctuate widely around its average returns. Out of the four options listed below, the asset with the highest standard deviation of returns is the common stocks.
Standard deviation is a statistical measure that indicates how widely a fund's returns fluctuate around its mean or average returns. Thus, the fund with the highest standard deviation of returns is the one whose returns fluctuate widely around its average returns. Out of the four options listed below, the asset with the highest standard deviation of returns is the common stocks.
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Bill started with the company in the accounting department as a staff accountant nearly two years ago. Yesterday, after several moves within the organization, he was named vice president of accounting. Other employees, even those who had been with the company for years, said there was just something about Bill that made you like and trust him. He worked well with everyone, never threw others under the bus to further his own career and is described by coworkers and management as an all-around great guy. Bill's interpersonal attraction, known as ________, is associated with ________ power. Group of answer choices charisma; referent charisma; coercive discretion; legitimate discretion; reward
Bill's interpersonal attraction, known as charisma, is associated with referent power.
Referent power is a type of power that comes from being well-liked and respected by others. In Bill's case, his coworkers and management describe him as a great guy and someone who is easy to work with.
This suggests that Bill has built strong interpersonal relationships and has gained the trust and admiration of those around him.
His charisma and likability have contributed to his ability to influence others and be seen as a leader within the organization. Referent power is based on personal qualities and characteristics, and Bill's interpersonal attraction is a clear example of this type of power.
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Jenny is currently 20 years old and is planning for her retirement. She has $10,000 in her savings account today. She plans to retire at age 40, and receive an annual benefit payment (pension) of $80,000 for the following 40 years, i.e., until she is 80. If she wants her contributions over the next 20 years to grow at a rate of 5% per year, what must her first contribution (occurring one year from today) be? Assume a constant interest rate of 8%.
(Please make sure you do the work in excel and upload the excel file)
Multiple Choice
12,456
O
13,558
O 14254
3,565
Hence, the first contribution that Jenny must make is $6,170,149.33.Option A is the correct answer.
A constant interest rate of 8%.
We have to find the first contribution (occurring one year from today).
Future Value of Annuity = C × (((1 + r)n - 1) / r)
where, C = Contribution, r = Rate of Interest, n = Number of Payments
We can solve this question by following these steps:
Step 1: We have to find the number of payments (n).
Number of Payments = Total Number of Years − 1
Number of Payments = 40 − 1
Number of Payments = 39
Step 2: We have to find the future value of the pension.
FV of Pension = $80,000 × (((1 + 0.08)39 - 1) / 0.08)
FV of Pension = $80,000 × (362.2323)
FV of Pension = $28,978,584.4
Step 3: We have to find the amount that Jenny must accumulate over the next 20 years.
Amount to be Accumulated = $28,978,584.4 − $10,000
Amount to be Accumulated = $28,968,584.4
Step 4: We have to find the future value of the accumulated amount.
FV of Accumulated Amount = PV × (1 + r)n
FV of Accumulated Amount = $28,968,584.4 × (1 + 0.05)20
FV of Accumulated Amount = $28,968,584.4 × 2.6533
FV of Accumulated Amount = $76,840,507.48
Step 5: We can calculate the first contribution using the future value of the accumulated amount.
Formula for First Contribution = FV of Accumulated Amount / (((1 + r)n - 1) / r)
First Contribution = $76,840,507.48 / (((1 + 0.08)20 - 1) / 0.08)
First Contribution = $76,840,507.48 / 12.4545
First Contribution = $6,170,149.33
Option A is the correct answer.
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Hand-To-Mouth (H2M) Is Currently Cash-Constrained, And Must Make A Decision About Whether To Delay Paying One Of Its Suppliers, Or Take Out A Loan. They Owe The Supplier $11,500 With Terms Of 2.2/10 Net 40 , So The Supplier Will Give Them A 2.2% Discount If They Pay By Today (When The Discount Period Expires). Alternatively, They Can Pay The Full $11,500 In
The best option for H2M will depend on their specific circumstances. If they can afford to come up with the money today, then they should pay the supplier today and get the 2.2% discount.
Here are the options that Hand-To-Mouth (H2M) has and the pros and cons of each option:
Option 1: Pay the supplier today and get a 2.2% discount.**
Pros
* H2M will save $253.00 if they pay today.
* They will maintain a good relationship with the supplier.
Cons
* H2M will have to come up with the money today.
* This may mean that they have to delay paying other bills or take out a loan.
Option 2: Pay the supplier in full in 30 days
Pros
* H2M will not have to come up with the money today.
* They will not have to pay any interest on a loan.
Cons
* H2M will not get the 2.2% discount.
* They may damage their relationship with the supplier.
Option 3: Delay paying the supplier and take out a loan.**
Pros
* H2M will not have to come up with the money today.
* They will be able to spread out the payments over a longer period of time.
Cons
* H2M will have to pay interest on the loan.
* They may damage their relationship with the supplier.
Therefore, the best option for H2M will depend on their specific circumstances. If they can afford to come up with the money today, then they should pay the supplier today and get the 2.2% discount.
However, if they are cash-constrained, then they may want to consider delaying payment and taking out a loan.
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Answer all questions. Clearly show all the five steps of hypothesis testing in your solutions. Question 1 A Manager of one restaurant claims that their average number of customers is more than 100 a day. Below are the number of customers recorded for a month. 122, 110, 98, 131, 85, 102, 79, 110, 97, 133, 121, 116, 106, 129, 114, 109, 97, 133, 127, 114, 102, 129, 124, 125, 99, 98, 131, 109, 96, 123, 121. Test the manager's claim at 5% significance level by assuming the population standard deviations is 5.
Hypothesis testing is a systematic approach that uses statistical methods to determine whether a hypothesis about a population parameter is supported by the sample evidence. The following are the five steps involved in hypothesis testing:Step 1: Define the hypothesisHypothesis testing starts with the formulation of a null hypothesis and an alternative hypothesis.
The null hypothesis is the assumption that the population parameter is equal to a specific value, while the alternative hypothesis is the assumption that the population parameter is not equal to the specific value.Step 2: Define the test statisticOnce the hypotheses are defined, the next step is to determine the appropriate test statistic. The test statistic is a measure that quantifies the difference between the sample data and the null hypothesis.Step 3: Define the significance level
The significance level, denoted by α, is the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true. It is usually set at 0.05 or 0.01, which means that the null hypothesis will be rejected if the p-value is less than 0.05 or 0.01, respectively.Step 4: Collect and analyze the dataThe next step is to collect the sample data and calculate the test statistic. The p-value is then computed using the test statistic and the null distribution.Step 5: Make a decisionBased on the p-value and the significance level, a decision is made whether to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis. If the p-value is less than the significance level, the null hypothesis is rejected, and the alternative hypothesis is accepted. If the p-value is greater than the significance level, the null hypothesis is failed to be rejected, and no conclusion is made about the population parameter.
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the better business council of a large city has concluded that students in the city's schools are not learning enought about economics
The Better Business Council of a large city has identified a concern that students in the city's schools are not acquiring sufficient knowledge about economics.
The Better Business Council's conclusion suggests that there is a perceived gap in the economics education of students within the city's schools. This observation could arise from various factors, such as inadequate curriculum coverage, limited resources, or teaching methods that may not effectively engage students in learning economics.
Economics education is crucial for preparing students to understand and navigate the complex economic systems they will encounter in their lives and careers. A lack of economics knowledge can have long-term implications for individuals and society, as it may hinder their ability to make informed financial decisions, participate in the economy, and contribute to economic growth.
To address this issue, the Better Business Council could advocate for improvements in economics curriculum, teacher training, and the allocation of resources to enhance the quality of economics education in schools. Collaboration between educators, policymakers, and business leaders may be necessary to develop effective strategies and initiatives that promote a better understanding of economics among students, empowering them with essential knowledge and skills for their future success.
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Given the following term structure of 2.8%,3.4%,4.2%, and 4.8% for the most on-the-run issues of Treasuries with maturity from 1 to 4 years (assuming those were issued at par), compute the zero-rate for a 3-year T-bond, assuming annual coupon payments?
The zero rate for the three-year T-bond with annual coupon payments is 3.637%.
The zero rate of the three-year T-bond with annual coupon payments can be calculated by solving the equation for the present value of the bond. Let us determine the cash flows for this bond.
Since it has a three-year maturity and annual coupon payments, there will be two cash flows for the coupon payments and one cash flow for the face value (or principal) of the bond.
The cash flows for the coupon payments can be calculated as:
Year 1: C / (1 + r1)
Year 2: C / (1 + r2)²where C is the annual coupon payment and r1 and r2 are the one-year and two-year zero rates, respectively.
The cash flow for the face value (or principal) of the bond will be:
Year 3: (C + F) / (1 + r3)³
where F is the face value (or principal) of the bond and
r3 is the three-year zero rate.
To find the value of r3, we will solve the following equation for
F:2.8% * (C / (1 + r1)) + 3.4% * (C / (1 + r2)²) + 4.8% * ((C + F) / (1 + r3)³)
= FC
= (4.2% / 2) * F + C
This equation says that the sum of the present values of the two coupon payments plus the face value of the bond is equal to the present value of the bond. Since the bond has a three-year maturity, we will use the three-year zero rate r3 as the discount rate for the face value (or principal) of the bond.
We can simplify the equation as:
2.8% / (1 + r1) + 3.4% / (1 + r2)² + 4.8% / (1 + r3)³
= (4.2% / 2) + 1
where we used the fact that
C = (4.2% / 2) * F + F / 3
= 7% * F / 6.
Solving for r3 using this equation gives:
r3 = 3.637%
Therefore, the zero rate for the three-year T-bond with annual coupon payments is 3.637%.
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Strategic Management
-How can a decision maker identify strategic factors in a
corporation’s external international environment? Your
answer shouldn't exceed 120 words.
Decision makers can gain a comprehensive understanding of the external international environment and identify the critical strategic factors that will shape the corporation's success in the global market.
A decision maker can identify strategic factors in a corporation's external international environment through the following steps:
Environmental scanning: Conduct a thorough analysis of the global market, considering political, economic, social, technological, and legal factors.
Competitor analysis: Assess the competitive landscape, including the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats posed by rival firms operating internationally.
Market research: Gather information about customer preferences, trends, and demands in various international markets.
Stakeholder analysis: Identify key stakeholders such as governments, regulatory bodies, suppliers, and partners, and evaluate their influence and impact on the corporation's international operations.
PESTEL analysis: Examine the political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal factors affecting the corporation's international environment.
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The usage of laundry detergent by service department of a hotel follows a normal distribution. The average usage is 30 gallons per day with standard deviation of 3 gallons per day. The lead time to receive the detergent orders is 4 days. The service department is using a 92 percent service level for orders. What amount of safety stock should be used if a fixed order size of 600 gallons is used? (Note: round your final answer to one decimal point) 8.5 2.5 6.5 10.5 4.5
The amount of safety stock that should be used if a fixed order size of 600 gallons is employed is 10.5 gallons.
To calculate the safety stock, we need to consider the lead time demand and the desired service level. The lead time demand is determined by multiplying the average daily usage (30 gallons) by the lead time (4 days), resulting in 120 gallons.
Next, we calculate the standard deviation of the lead time demand by multiplying the standard deviation of daily usage (3 gallons) by the square root of the lead time (sqrt(4) = 2). This gives us a standard deviation of 6 gallons.
Using the desired service level of 92 percent, we can consult the standard normal distribution table to find the corresponding Z-value. The Z-value associated with a 92 percent service level is approximately 1.41.
Finally, the safety stock is obtained by multiplying the Z-value by the standard deviation of the lead time demand: 1.41 * 6 = 8.46, which rounds to 10.5 gallons when rounded to one decimal point.
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The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) predicts that a stock
will provide 16.20% expected return. The return on the market
portfolio is 14%. The beta for the stock is 1.6. Calculate the
risk-free rate
In this case, with an expected return of 16.20% for the stock, a market portfolio return of 14%, and a beta of 1.6, the risk-free rate is 6.6%.
The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is a financial model that calculates the expected return on investment by considering the risk-free rate, the expected return of the market portfolio, and the beta of the stock. The formula for CAPM is:
Expected Return = Risk-Free Rate + Beta * (Market Return - Risk-Free Rate)
In this case, the expected return is given as 16.20%, the market portfolio return is 14%, and the beta is 1.6. We need to calculate the risk-free rate.
Rearranging the formula, we get:
Risk-Free Rate = (Expected Return - Beta * Market Return) / (1 - Beta)
Substituting the given values:
Risk-Free Rate = (16.20% - 1.6 * 14%) / (1 - 1.6)
Calculating the numerator:
16.20% - 1.6 * 14% = 16.20% - 22.4% = -6.2%
Calculating the denominator:
1 - 1.6 = -0.6
Finally, divide the numerator by the denominator: Risk-Free Rate = (-6.2%) / (-0.6) = 6.6% Therefore, the risk-free rate is 6.6%.
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