Answer and Explanation:
- Volcanic activity occurs above places in the Earth where pressure, temperature, and the presence of water conspire to melt rock. There are two main ways Earth materials melt: 1) hot mantle rises and decompresses; and 2) water flows through hot rock. The first type of melting occurs at diverging plate boundaries (mid-ocean ridges; continental rift zones) and hotspots, where mantle beneath plates is hot but remains solid because it is under great pressure. As the hot mantle rises, sudden drop in pressure causes melting, much as taking the lid off a pressure cooker causes super-heated water to flash to steam. The second mechanism results in volcanism at convergent plate boundaries. As one plate dives (subducts) beneath the other, it heats up and releases hot fluids (similar to the way we sweat when we get hot). The fluids (mostly water) rise, wetting hot rock in their path and causing some of the rock to melt.
- Two types of Plate boundaries are often associated with volcanic eruptions:
> Plates rip apart at a divergent plate boundary, causing volcanic activity and shallow earthquakes;
> At a convergent plate boundary, one plate dives or “subducts” beneath the other, resulting in a variety of earthquakes and a line of volcanoes on the overriding plate.
explain the notion that the concept of development is subjective giving relevant example
The concept of development is subjective, and its perception can vary depending on individual perspectives and contexts.
The notion of development being subjective stems from the fact that it is not a universally defined or measured concept. Development can encompass various dimensions, such as economic, social, cultural, or environmental aspects, and different societies or individuals may prioritize different dimensions.
For example, one society might perceive development primarily in terms of economic growth and technological advancement, while another society may prioritize social equality and well-being.
Additionally, the subjective nature of development is evident in how it is interpreted differently across cultures and regions. What may be considered as progress in one cultural context may not hold the same value or significance in another.
For instance, Western notions of development often emphasize individualism and material wealth, whereas indigenous cultures may prioritize community well-being and preservation of traditional values.Furthermore, individual perspectives also play a crucial role in shaping the subjective understanding of development. People's experiences, values, and aspirations influence how they perceive progress and improvement in their own lives and communities.
For instance, a person may consider personal growth, education, or access to healthcare as essential elements of development, while someone else may prioritize political freedom and human rights.Overall, the subjective nature of development underscores the importance of considering diverse perspectives and contexts when assessing progress and formulating policies that cater to the specific needs and aspirations of different communities and individuals.
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