In a Cournot duopoly, two firms set output quantities simultaneously. The reaction functions of both companies are used to determine the quantity that each company will supply at equilibrium.
Market price in this problem can be determined using the inverse demand function: P = 217-Q
where Q = q1+q2 is the total output of both firms.
Market revenue will be: R = Q(P) = (q1+q2)(217 - q1 - q2) = 217q1 + 217q2 - q1q2 - q2q1 - q1² - q2².
Market profit will be: π₁ = 217q1 - TC₁(q1) and π₂ = 217q2 - TC₂(q2).
The firms should select production quantities that will maximize their profits, which are given by the revenue minus the total cost. Profit for firm 1 will be maximum when its MR equals its MC, and profit for firm 2 will be maximum when its MR equals its MC. This provides us with the necessary tools to solve for the Cournot equilibrium quantities.
The total quantity supplied by the firms will be determined using the Nash equilibrium reaction functions of the firms:
q1= (197 - q2)/2
q2= (197 - q1)/2
Substitute q2 in the q1 equation:
q1 = (197 - (197 - q1)/2)/2
=> 3q1/4 = 49/2
=> q1 = 98/3.
Then q2 = (197 - q1)/2
=> q2 = 197/3 - 98/3 = 99/3 = 33.
Therefore, the total output or quantity of market will be Q = q1 + q2 = 98/3 + 33 = 167/3.
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A firm purchased a Machine on 1 January 2009 . The Machine has an 8 year life and a residual value of $0. The Cost of the Machine was $400,000. The firm uses straight line depreciation and charges depreciation on a monthly basis. The Government gave a Grant for the Machine on 1 January 2009 of $80,000 Using the Deferred Grant Revenue Approach for Accounting for the Grant the extract from the Balance Sheet for Deferred Grant Revenue on 31 December 2013 shows: Select one: a. Current Liability: $20,000; Non-Current Liability: $10,000 b. Current Liability: $0; Non-Current Liability: $30,000 c. Current Liability: $10,000; Non-Current Liability: $0 d. None of the these answers e. Current Liability: $10,000; Non-Current Liability: $20,000 The expenditures and receipts below are related to land, land improvements and buildings: (i) Payment of Insurance on Construction During Construction: $100 (ii) Payment of Insurance on Building After Construction complete: $200 (iii) Architect's fee for designing building: $300 (iv) Proceeds from salvage of old building which was on the site when we bought it: $60 (v) Payment of security guard's salary after construction is complete: $400 What amount should be capitalized for Buildings on the balance sheet based on this information: Select one: a. $440 b. None of these answers c. $340 d. $400 e. $740
The correct answer is option (c) Current Liability: $10,000; Non-Current Liability: $0.
The correct answer is option (d) $400.
The Deferred Grant Revenue approach requires the grant to be recognized as a liability and then gradually recognized as revenue over the useful life of the asset.
In this case, the grant of $80,000 was given on 1 January 2009.
The Machine has an 8-year life, so by 31 December 2013, it would have been in use for 5 years (from 2009 to 2013). We need to determine the portion of the grant that should be recognized as revenue by that date.
Since the grant is recognized as revenue over the useful life of the asset, we can calculate the annual revenue recognition as follows:
Annual Grant Revenue = Grant Amount / Useful Life
Annual Grant Revenue = $80,000 / 8
Annual Grant Revenue = $10,000
To determine the portion recognized by 31 December 2013, we multiply the annual revenue recognition by the number of years the asset has been in use:
Portion of Grant Recognized = Annual Grant Revenue * Number of Years
Portion of Grant Recognized = $10,000 * 5
Portion of Grant Recognized = $50,000
Therefore, the Deferred Grant Revenue on 31 December 2013 would be $50,000.
The correct answer is option (c) Current Liability: $10,000; Non-Current Liability: $0.
To determine the amount to be capitalized for buildings on the balance sheet, we need to consider which of the expenditures are directly related to the construction or acquisition of the building.
From the given information, the expenditures that are directly related to the construction or acquisition of the building are:
(i) Payment of Insurance on Construction During Construction: $100
(iii) Architect's fee for designing building: $300
The other expenditures are either related to insurance after construction or not directly related to the building itself.
Therefore, the amount to be capitalized for buildings would be the sum of the expenditures (i) and (iii):
Amount to be Capitalized = $100 + $300 = $400
The correct answer is option (d) $400.
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You are planning on acquiring a machine for a business that you have just started. The machine costs $35,000 and you can get a 5 year term loan at 10%; the principal amount will be paid at the end of the five years. The machine will be depreciated at a rate of $6,000 every year. At the end of 5 years, the machine will have a value of $5,000. The manufacturer of the equipment is willing to lease the machine for $8,000 a year, with lease payments due at the end of the year. If the firm leases it will acquire the machine for $5,000 at the end of 5 years. This cost of $5000 already accounts for related future depreciation tax savings. The tax rate for your business is 35%. Should you buy or lease? What is the cost of buying? What is the Cost of leasing? What is the NAL?
Based on the given information, the business should lease the machine as it results in a lower net cost compared to buying.
The cost of buying the machine can be calculated by considering the initial cost, annual depreciation, and the salvage value. The cost of buying is the sum of the initial cost ($35,000), the annual depreciation tax savings (35% of $6,000 per year for 5 years), and the salvage value ($5,000).
On the other hand, the cost of leasing the machine is the total lease payments ($8,000 per year for 5 years). To determine the Net Advantage to Leasing (NAL), we compare the present value of the costs of buying and leasing.
This involves discounting the future cash flows using the appropriate discount rate. Since the loan interest rate is not provided, we'll assume it to be the same as the discount rate.
By calculating the present value of the costs associated with buying and leasing and comparing them, the NAL can be determined. If the NAL is positive, it indicates that leasing is more advantageous, whereas a negative NAL favors buying.
To provide an accurate calculation of the cost of buying, cost of leasing, and NAL, we would need the loan interest rate or the discount rate.
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Based on the given information, you should lease the machine as it results in a lower net advantage than buying. The cost of buying the machine is $35,000, the cost of leasing is $40,000 ($8,000 per year for 5 years), and the Net Advantage to Leasing (NAL) is negative, indicating that buying is more costly than leasing.
To determine the cost of buying, we need to consider the initial cost of the machine ($35,000) and the depreciation expense ($6,000 per year for 5 years). Thus, the cost of buying is $35,000 + ($6,000 × 5) = $65,000.
For leasing, the annual lease payment is $8,000, which is paid for 5 years. Additionally, at the end of 5 years, there is a cost of $5,000 to acquire the machine.
This cost of $5,000 already accounts for the related future depreciation tax savings. Therefore, the total cost of leasing is $8,000 × 5 + $5,000 = $45,000.
To compare buying and leasing, we calculate the Net Advantage to Leasing (NAL). NAL is determined by subtracting the cost of buying from the cost of leasing, and then considering the tax savings.
The tax savings are calculated by multiplying the depreciation expense ($6,000) by the tax rate (35%) for each year.
NAL = (Cost of Leasing - Cost of Buying) + Tax Savings
Tax Savings = (Depreciation Expense × Tax Rate) × Number of Years
Using the given information, we can calculate the NAL to determine the more cost-effective option. If the NAL is positive, buying is more advantageous, and if the NAL is negative, leasing is more advantageous.
Based on the provided information, the NAL is negative, indicating that leasing is more cost-effective than buying the machine.
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Planned change can differ greatly from one organization to
another. Discuss how planned change efforts might differ in
domestic vs. international settings.
PLEASE EXPLAIN IN GREAT DETAIL!!! NOT JUST 2
Planned change efforts can indeed differ significantly between domestic and international settings due to various factors such as cultural differences, legal and regulatory frameworks, economic conditions, and social norms. Let's delve into the detailed differences in planned change efforts in domestic and international contexts.
1. Cultural Factors:
Cultural differences play a significant role in planned change efforts. In international settings, organizations must consider the cultural norms, values, and beliefs of the target country. Different cultures may have diverse attitudes towards change, risk-taking, and decision-making processes. For instance, some cultures may be more open to change and innovation, while others may be more resistant and prefer stability. Organizations must adapt their change strategies to align with the cultural context, ensuring effective communication and stakeholder engagement.
2. Legal and Regulatory Frameworks:
International planned change efforts are influenced by the legal and regulatory frameworks of the target country. Organizations must navigate through different legal systems, labor laws, and regulations, which can impact the implementation of change initiatives. Compliance with local laws and regulations becomes crucial when introducing changes related to organizational structure, human resources, or operational processes. Understanding and adhering to legal requirements and engaging with relevant authorities becomes essential for successful change implementation.
3. Economic Conditions:
Economic factors also shape planned change efforts. In international settings, organizations need to consider the economic conditions of the target country, including GDP, income levels, and market dynamics. Economic disparities and varying levels of development can influence the feasibility and pace of change initiatives. Organizations may need to tailor their strategies to accommodate different economic realities, such as adjusting pricing strategies, considering local market dynamics, or adapting to specific industry structures.
4. Stakeholder Engagement:
Engaging stakeholders in planned change efforts can differ in domestic and international settings. In international settings, organizations may need to establish relationships with local stakeholders, such as government agencies, community leaders, or non-governmental organizations. These stakeholders can have a significant influence on the success of change initiatives. Building trust, understanding local power dynamics, and effectively communicating the benefits of the proposed changes become critical components of the change process.
5. Communication and Language:
Effective communication is vital in planned change efforts, and it becomes even more crucial in international settings. Language barriers, cultural nuances, and communication styles can impact the clarity and understanding of change initiatives. Organizations need to invest in language translation, cross-cultural training, and localization of communication materials to ensure effective communication with diverse audiences.
In summary, planned change efforts in domestic and international settings differ due to cultural factors, legal and regulatory frameworks, economic conditions, stakeholder engagement, and communication considerations. Adapting change strategies to align with the specific context of the target country enhances the likelihood of successful change implementation in international settings.
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A candidate for Texas Land Commissioner ran an ad accusing her opponent of accepting bribes from pharmaceutical companies and banks. At the end of the ad, it even shows her opponent dressed in a sheep costume and hiding among sheep, to better symbolize how he is pretending to be part of the public. What type of ad was she running? O Positive Ad O Sheepish Ad Constrast Ad Attack Ad Question 27 Two newspapers cover the same story about a man robbing a grocery store. One paints him as a villain that has broken the law and endangered the public. The other newspaper portrays him as a modern day Robin Hood, pointing out that he gave the groceries to the homeless. When a news agency attempts to shape public opinion by how they cover a story, this is called O Agenda-Setting O Priming O Framing O Balance 2 pts Question 28 2 pts
Question 1: A candidate for Texas Land Commissioner ran an ad accusing her opponent of accepting bribes from pharmaceutical companies and banks. At the end of the ad, it even shows her opponent dressed in a sheep costume and hiding among sheep, to better symbolize how he is pretending to be part of the public.
What type of ad was she running?The type of ad that the candidate for Texas Land Commissioner ran is an Attack Ad. An attack ad is a political advertisement that aims to damage an opponent's reputation or credibility or to present them in an unfavorable light. Attack ads often use loaded language to exaggerate or distort the opponent's record or positions on issues.
An attack ad is used in politics to discredit or derogate an opponent. It typically seeks to damage an opponent's reputation by providing negative information about them or creating a negative image of them in the minds of voters. This is done with the intent of reducing the opponent's popularity and making them less appealing to voters.
Question 2: Two newspapers cover the same story about a man robbing a grocery store. One paints him as a villain that has broken the law and endangered the public. The other newspaper portrays him as a modern-day Robin Hood, pointing out that he gave groceries to the homeless. When a news agency attempts to shape public opinion by how they cover a story, this is called Framing
Framing is a technique used in media and communication studies to explain how people use language and images to evoke certain feelings and attitudes toward a particular issue or topic. The way that a news agency covers a story can be seen as a form of framing because it shapes the way that people think about the issue or event being reported. Framing can have a significant impact on public opinion because it can influence the way that people perceive the issue and how they feel about it.
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7. Refer to pages 124-125 in The Art of Strategy. Consider this variation of the problem: You have two firms, A and B. Each firms' best response price is equal to 100+ 0.6* (the other price) Find the Nash equilibrium price
The Nash equilibrium price is $70 as both firms' best response prices are equal, determined by the formula 100 + 0.6 x (the other price).
Setting A's best response price equal to B's best response price, we have:
100 + 0.6 x (B's price) = 100 + 0.6 x (A's price)
Simplifying the equation, we get:
0.6 x (B's price) = 0.6 x (A's price)
Dividing both sides by 0.6, we find:
B's price = A's price
Since both firms' prices are equal, we substitute either A's or B's price into the formula to solve for the price:
100 + 0.6 x (A's price) = A's price
Solving for A's price, we get:
0.4 x (A's price) = 100
Dividing both sides by 0.4, we find:
A's price = $250
Therefore, the Nash equilibrium price is $70, as both firms will set their prices at this level to maximize their profits given the other's price.
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Many IT departments use a job title of _____ to designate positions that require a combination of systems analysis and programming skills.
Many IT departments use the job title of "Systems Analyst" to designate positions that require a combination of systems analysis and programming skills.
Systems analysts are responsible for analyzing business requirements, designing and developing technical solutions, and ensuring that systems meet the needs of users and organizations. They often work closely with stakeholders, such as users, project managers, and software developers, to bridge the gap between business requirements and technical implementation.
The combination of systems analysis and programming skills allows systems analysts to understand user needs, design effective solutions, and implement them using programming languages or tools.
Systems analysts are those that examine how a specific piece of software or IT infrastructure will be able to suit and satisfy the requirements of their customer or employer. They are tasked with creating the specifications for new systems.
Among the abilities needed to be a system analyst are:
• Adaptability
• Powerful analytical abilities
• Flexibility
• Social abilities.
• Detail-oriented.
• Teamwork capabilities.
• Verbal and written communication abilities.
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Describe project integration management. How
does it relate to the project life cycle, stakeholders, and
the other project management
knowledge areas?
The coordination of a project's components is known as project integration management.
This involves managing disputes between various project components, striking trade-offs between conflicting demands, and assessing resources, in addition to coordinating tasks, resources, stakeholders, and any other project components.
To achieve effective business outcomes, project management is a difficult subject that calls for an all-encompassing strategy. Every project requires integration, which entails harmonizing disparate project components and directing them toward a unified objective. In order to coordinate the numerous project activities, procedures, and stakeholders, project integration management is essential.
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Rizzo's is considering a project with a life of five years and an initial cost of $131,000. The discount rate for the project is 14 percent. The firm expects to sell 2,100 units a year. The cash flow per unit is $23. The firm will have the option to abandon this project after three years at which time it expects it could sell the project for $49,000. At what level of sales should the firm be willing to abandon this project? Multiple Choice 1,294 units 1,087 units 1,479 units 1,502 units 1,619 units
The firm should be willing to abandon the project at any level of sales since the net present value (NPV) at the end of year 3 is lower than the selling price of the project.
To determine the level of sales at which the firm should be willing to abandon the project, we need to calculate the net present value (NPV) of the project at the end of year 3 and compare it to the selling price of the project at that time.
First, let's calculate the NPV of the project at the end of year 3:
Cash inflow from sales: 2,100 units/year * $23/unit = $48,300/year
Discount rate: 14%
Number of years: 3
NPV = Cash inflow / (1 + Discount rate)^Number of years
= $48,300 / (1 + 0.14)^3
= $48,300 / (1.14)^3
≈ $37,406.36
Now we compare the NPV at the end of year 3 ($37,406.36) to the selling price of the project ($49,000) at that time. If the NPV is less than the selling price, it would be beneficial for the firm to abandon the project.
In this case, since the NPV ($37,406.36) is less than the selling price ($49,000), the firm should be willing to abandon the project.
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Discuss the fiscal policy and monetary policy and how they
differ.
Discuss the differences between macroeconomics and
microeconomics.
Fiscal policy and monetary policy are two tools used by governments to manage the economy.
Fiscal policy refers to the government's use of taxation and spending to influence the economy. It involves decisions on how much money the government should spend on public goods and services, as well as how much it should collect in taxes. The main goal of fiscal policy is to stabilize the economy by promoting economic growth and reducing unemployment.
In contrast, monetary policy focuses on controlling the money supply and interest rates. It is managed by the central bank and aims to influence borrowing, investment, and spending. By adjusting interest rates and conducting open market operations, the central bank can stimulate or slow down the economy.
Differences between macroeconomics and microeconomics:
Macroeconomics and microeconomics are two branches of economics that focus on different scales of analysis.
Macroeconomics examines the overall performance of the economy as a whole. It analyzes variables such as gross domestic product (GDP), inflation, unemployment, and national income. Macroeconomists study how aggregate variables interact and affect the economy's overall health. Microeconomics, on the other hand, zooms in on individual economic agents, such as households, firms, and markets.
It looks at the behavior of these agents and how they make decisions regarding production, consumption, and pricing. Microeconomics also explores concepts like supply and demand, market equilibrium, and the allocation of resources. In summary, while macroeconomics focuses on the big picture, microeconomics delves into the details of individual economic units.
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Provisions
As of December 31, 20X3, Parvoz Company has accounts receivable from the following customers, payments for which are overdue:
• counterparty, A - 2,450,000 UZS, delay - 112 days;
• counterparty B - 4,000,000 UZS, delay - 80 days;
• counterparty C - 1,000,000 UZS, delay - 55 days;
• counterparty D - 1,000,000 UZS, delay - 10 days.
At the same time, the head of the department for work with accounts receivable has the following information in relation to the above counterparties:
• counterparty, A - bad debt to be collected in full amount of the debt;
• counterparty B - the estimated amount of debt not subject to return as of December 31, 20X3 is equal to UZS 1,000,000;
• counterparties C and D - the estimated amount of debt not subject to return as of December 31, 20X3 is UZS 1,000,000 each.
According to the company’s accounting policy, the amount of provision for the bad and doubtful debts is equal to 100 percent for bad debt with overdue amount for more than 90 days and 50 percent for doubtful debts with the due amount for the period between 45 and 90 days.
Required:
a) Identify whether the accounting policy regarding the provisions for bad and doubtful debts is consistent with the requirements of IFRS/IAS. If there are inconsistencies, identify and explain them.
b) Estimate the amount of the provisions to be create in accordance with IFRS/IAS.
c) Provide journal entries for the adjustments.
a) The accounting policy regarding the provisions for bad and doubtful debts is inconsistent with the requirements of IFRS/IAS. IFRS requires an entity to account for impairment of trade receivables using the expected credit loss model and not by specifying a set percentage of doubtful debts.
Furthermore, IFRS 9 requires impairment provisions to be estimated using a forward-looking approach.
b) According to IFRS 9, the amount of the provisions should be based on the expected credit loss, which takes into account forward-looking factors and historical experience. Therefore, in accordance with IFRS/IAS, the amount of provision should be estimated using a forward-looking approach, such as probability-weighted estimates of cash flows.
c) Journal entries for the adjustments: 1. Bad debt provision (counterparty A) ................ 2,450,000Accounts receivable - counterparty A............................................ 2,450,000(To record a bad debt provision for 100% of the amount due from counterparty A)2. Bad debt provision (counterparty B)................. 3,000,000Accounts receivable - counterparty B............................................ 3,000,000(To record a bad debt provision for 75% of the amount due from counterparty B)
3. Bad debt provision (counterparties C & D)................. 2,000,000Accounts receivable - counterparties C & D............................................ 2,000,000(To record a bad debt provision for 50% of the amount due from counterparties C & D).
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________ marketing calls for socially and environmentally responsible actions that meet the present needs of consumers and businesses while also preserving or enhancing the ability of future generations to meet their needs. Customer driving Mass Differential Sustainable Customer-driven
Sustainable marketing calls for socially and environmentally responsible actions that meet the present needs of consumers and business while also preserving or enhancing the ability of future generations to meet their needs.
Sustainable marketing refers to a marketing approach that considers the long-term impact on society and the environment.
emphasizes socially and environmentally responsible actions that balance the present needs of consumers and businesses with the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Sustainable marketing involves considering the triple bottom line, which takes into account economic, social, and environmental factors. It promotes practices that minimize negative impacts, such as reducing waste, conserving resources, supporting fair trade, promoting ethical business practices, and addressing social issues. By adopting sustainable marketing strategies, companies aim to create value for customers while also contributing to a more sustainable and responsible future. It aligns with the growing demand from consumers for products and services that are environmentally friendly, socially conscious, and aligned with their values. Ultimately, sustainable marketing strives for a balance between meeting present needs and ensuring the well-being and future opportunities for generations to come.
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Securities dealers that trade stocks and bonds outside exchanges
comprise the
Group of answer choices
foreign exchange market.
over-the-counter market.
NASDAQ market.
outlet market.
Securities dealers that trade stocks and bond outside exchanges comprise the over-the-counter (OTC) market.
Unlike exchanges such as the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) or NASDAQ, where trading occurs on a centralized platform, the OTC market operates through a network of dealers or brokers. These dealers trade a wide range of securities, including stocks, bonds, derivatives, and other financial instruments.
The OTC market offers several advantages, including increased flexibility, lower transaction costs, and greater accessibility for smaller companies. However, it is generally less regulated and has less transparency compared to exchange-traded markets.
It's important to note that the foreign exchange market (Forex or FX) is a distinct market that specifically deals with the trading of currencies. While some foreign exchange transactions may take place in the OTC market, the foreign exchange market is not exclusive to securities dealers trading stocks and bonds.
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Antonio Sanchez had taxable income of $35,950 in 2021. He will file a return using the single filing status. In 2021, he opened an interest bearing savings account and received Form 1009-INT showing he had earned $12.00 interest for the year. He must report the following amount of interest on his Form 1040.
1. $0
2. $10
3. $12
4. $24
Antonio Sanchez must report $12 of interest on his Form 1040. It is important to accurately report all sources of income to ensure compliance with tax regulations.
Form 1099-INT is used to report interest income earned throughout the year. In this case, Antonio received Form 1099-INT showing that he earned $12 of interest on his savings account. This amount should be reported on his Form 1040 as taxable interest income.
Based on the given information, Antonio Sanchez should report $12 of interest income on his Form 1040. It is important to accurately report all sources of income to ensure compliance with tax regulations.
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2. Assume that Dallas and Denver prepare articles of incorporation but forget to send the articles to the appropriate state office. A few months after they begin to operate their consulting business Our Two Cents as a corporation, Dallas visits a client. After his meeting, in driving out of a parking lot, Dallas inadvertently his the client with his car, causing serious bodily harm. When it rains it pours and creditors have also sued Our Two Cents for unpaid office supplies. Is Our Two Cents a de jure or de facto corporation? Why? Fully explain whether Dallas or Our Two Cents is more likely liable for the accident and payment to the creditors.
Our Two Cents is a de facto corporation. A de facto corporation is an organization that has been established and conducts business activities as a corporation without complying with the statutory requirements of incorporation.
A corporation can be classified as a de facto corporation if it meets the following criteria: The corporation has made a good faith effort to comply with the law's incorporation requirements. Incorporators are unaware of the corporation's noncompliance with statutory requirements. The corporation has conducted its business as a corporation.
In the case given, Dallas and Denver did not comply with the legal requirements for incorporation. They neglected to file the Articles of Incorporation with the appropriate state office. As a result, Our Two Cents is considered a de facto corporation. However, Our Two Cents does not have the same protection as a de jure corporation. Dallas is more likely to be held liable for the accident because he is the person who caused it.
Since he was driving the car, he will be held responsible for the damage caused to the other driver, who sustained severe bodily harm. The creditor will also be paid by Our Two Cents. As a result, both Dallas and Our Two Cents are responsible for the damage caused.
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Use a simple break-even analysis model incorporating average
price, number of subscribers, churn rates, and expected fixed and
marginal costs for netflix in india.
Netflix's break-even analysis in India can be determined by considering the average price, number of subscribers, churn rates, and expected fixed and marginal costs.
The break-even point is reached when the revenue from subscribers covers the total costs.
Break-even analysis helps determine the point at which a company's revenue equals its costs, resulting in neither profit nor loss. In the case of Netflix in India, several factors need to be taken into account.
1. Average Price: The average monthly subscription fee charged to Netflix subscribers in India.
2. Number of Subscribers: The total number of subscribers Netflix has in India.3. Churn Rates: The rate at which subscribers cancel their Netflix subscriptions over a given period.
4. Expected Fixed Costs: These are the expenses that do not vary with the number of subscribers, such as licensing fees, content production costs, and infrastructure expenses.5. Expected Marginal Costs: These costs increase as the number of subscribers grows, including customer acquisition costs, streaming costs, and customer support expenses.
To calculate the break-even point, you need to compare the total revenue from subscribers to the total costs incurred. The revenue is determined by multiplying the average price by the number of subscribers. The total costs include both fixed and marginal costs.
If the revenue is greater than or equal to the total costs, Netflix will reach the break-even point. If the revenue is less than the total costs, Netflix will incur a loss. By analyzing these factors, Netflix can make informed decisions regarding pricing strategies, subscriber growth targets, and cost management to achieve profitability in India.
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A company that manufactures brushless blowers invested $700,000 in an automated quality control system for blower housings. The resultant savings was $180,000 per year for 5 years. If the equipment had a salvage value of $100,000, what rate of return per year did the company make and should the company invest in the blower if MARR is 10%?
7.31% per year (invest in the blower)
None of the above
7.31% per year (do not invest in the blower)
12.30% per year (invest in the blower)
12.30% per year (do not invest in the blower)
The company achieved a rate of return of 7.31% per year on its investment in the automated quality control system for blower housings. This rate of return falls below the Minimum Acceptable Rate of Return (MARR) of 10%. However, despite not meeting the MARR, the company should still invest in the blower.
The company made a rate of return of 7.31% per year and should invest in the blower.
The rate of return can be calculated using the formula for the internal rate of return (IRR). In this case, the initial investment is -$700,000 (negative because it's an outflow), and the cash flows over the 5-year period are $180,000 per year. The salvage value is $100,000. Using these values, the IRR is calculated as follows:
IRR = 7.31%
The rate of return is 7.31% per year, which is lower than the MARR of 10%. Therefore, the company should invest in the blower because the rate of return exceeds the minimum acceptable rate of return (MARR).
The automated quality control system for blower housings resulted in annual savings of $180,000 for 5 years, totaling $900,000. Considering the initial investment of $700,000 and the salvage value of $100,000, the net cash inflow from the project amounts to $300,000 ($900,000 - $700,000 + $100,000). To determine the rate of return, we need to find the percentage that represents the interest earned on the investment.
By using the IRR formula, we can find that the rate of return is 7.31% per year. This means that the company is earning an average annual return of 7.31% on its investment over the 5-year period.
Given that the Minimum Acceptable Rate of Return (MARR) is 10%, the rate of return achieved falls short of the MARR. However, it is still a positive return, indicating that the investment is generating value for the company. Thus, despite not meeting the MARR, the company should still invest in the blower as it provides a favorable rate of return.
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Q2. Define:
1. Debentures
2. Lease Financing
3. Creditors
Debentures are bonds, and they are a kind of loan that a corporation or government entity can take from the public. The business or government entity promises to pay back the loan with interest at a predetermined time.
Debentures are usually long-term loans, which means they come with a repayment timeline that spans several years. Lease financing is a business practice that allows companies to rent equipment rather than buy it outright. As a result, companies will utilize the equipment without incurring large upfront expenditures, which might be beneficial to businesses that want to preserve their cash flow. Lease financing is commonly used in the automotive, machinery, and electronics sectors, among others.
Creditors are persons or entities to whom a business or individual owes money. When a person or company borrows money from a creditor, they are obliged to repay it on a predetermined date, plus interest. These parties may be financial institutions, businesses, governments, or even individuals who have loaned money. In the event that a company or person defaults on their debt obligations, creditors can take legal action to recover their money.
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After completing its capital spending for the year, Carlson Manufacturing has $2,800 extra cash. Carlson's managers must choose between investing the cash in Treasury bonds that yield 4 percent or paying the cash out to investors who would invest in the bonds themselves. a. If the corporate tax rate is 23 percent, what personal tax rate would make the investors equally willing to receive the dividend or to let Carlson invest the money? (Do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answer as a percent rounded to the nearest whole number, e.g., 32.)
Personal tax rate is approximately 3%. Carlson's managers must pay a dividend to the investors who would invest in the bonds themselves to make the investors equally willing to receive the dividend or to let Carlson invest the money.
Given Data: Extra cash available = $2,800Corporate tax rate = 23%The dividend yield of treasury bonds = 4%T. If the company invests the cash in Treasury bonds, it will receive an after-tax return of 4% × (1 – 23%) = 3.08%.When the company pays the cash out to the investors, the investors invest in the bonds themselves. They will receive an after-tax return of 4% × (1 – personal tax rate).Now we can find the personal tax rate using the following equation:4% × (1 – personal tax rate) = 3.08%Solve for personal tax rate :Personal tax rate = (1 – 3.08% / 4%) × 100% ≈ 3%Therefore, the personal tax rate is approximately 3%.Thus, Carlson's managers must pay a dividend to the investors who would invest in the bonds themselves to make the investors equally willing to receive the dividend or to let Carlson invest the money.
Carlson Manufacturing has $2,800 extra cash. The personal tax rate is approximately 3%. Carlson Manufacturing has $2,800 extra cash, the dividend yield of treasury bonds is 4%, and the corporate tax rate is 23%. When the company invests the cash in Treasury bonds, it will receive an after-tax return of 3.08%. When the company pays the cash out to the investors, the investors invest in the bonds themselves and will receive an after-tax return of 4% × (1 – personal tax rate) .Carlson's managers must choose a personal tax rate that makes the investors equally willing to receive the dividend or to let Carlson invest the money. The personal tax rate can be found using the equation 4% × (1 – personal tax rate) = 3.08%.Solving for the personal tax rate, we get 1 – personal tax rate ≈ 0.77. Therefore, personal tax rate is approximately 3%.
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A firm is likely to operate in the short run, as long as the price is at least as great as: a. Average variable cost b. Marginal cost c. Average revenue d. Average fixed cost e. Average total cost
A firm is likely to operate in the short run, as long as the price is at least as great as the option A) average variable cost (AVC).
This is because the AVC is the minimum price that the firm must receive to cover its variable costs and continue operating in the short run.
In the short run, some inputs of the production process cannot be changed. For example, a company might have a fixed amount of equipment, buildings, or even workers in the short run. The short run can be defined as the period of time when at least one factor of production is fixed or unchangeable.
The average variable cost (AVC) is the variable cost per unit of output. It is calculated by dividing the total variable cost by the number of units produced. In other words, the AVC is the cost of producing one additional unit of output
The significance of the AVC is that it represents the minimum price that a firm must receive to cover its variable costs. If a firm can sell its products for a price higher than the AVC, it can cover all its variable costs and make a contribution towards its fixed costs. In other words, if a firm can sell its products for a price higher than the AVC, it is better off producing and selling the product than shutting down.
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The current price of Janco stock is $18.36. Dividends are expected to grow at 03.90% indefinitely and the most recent dividend paid yesterday was $3.82. a) What is the required rate of return on Jancos stock? b) What is the Dividend Yield on Jancos Stock? c) What is the Capital Gains Yield on Jancos Stock?
a) The required rate of return on Jancos stock is approximately 24.79%.
b) The Dividend Yield on Jancos stock is approximately 20.82%.
c) The Capital Gains Yield on Jancos stock is 3.90%.
a) To calculate the required rate of return on Jancos stock, we can use the Dividend Discount Model (DDM) formula:
[tex]\[ \text{Required rate of return} = \frac{\text{Dividend per share}}{\text{Stock price}} + \text{Dividend growth rate} \][/tex]
Given the following information:
Dividend per share = $3.82
Stock price = $18.36
Dividend growth rate = 3.90% = 0.039
Substituting these values into the formula:
[tex]\[ \text{Required rate of return} = \frac{3.82}{18.36} + 0.039 \]\\\[ \text{Required rate of return} \approx 0.2089 + 0.039 \]\\\[ \text{Required rate of return} \approx 0.2479 \][/tex]
The required rate of return on Jancos stock is approximately 24.79%.
b) The Dividend Yield on Jancos stock can be calculated as follows:
[tex]\[ \text{Dividend Yield} = \frac{\text{Dividend per share}}{\text{Stock price}} \][/tex]
Given the dividend per share of $3.82 and the stock price of $18.36, we have:
[tex]\[ \text{Dividend Yield} = \frac{3.82}{18.36} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ \text{Dividend Yield} \approx 0.2082 \][/tex]
The Dividend Yield on Jancos stock is approximately 20.82%.
c) The Capital Gains Yield on Jancos stock can be calculated as follows:
[tex]\[ \text{Capital Gains Yield} = \text{Dividend growth rate} \][/tex]
Given the dividend growth rate of 3.90%, the Capital Gains Yield on Jancos stock is 3.90%.
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why the difference of ROE and ROA is large for some companies
while it is small for other companies
The difference between Return on Equity (ROE) and Return on Assets (ROA) can vary for different companies due to various factors and business dynamics such as Capital Structure, Profit Margins, Asset Intensity etc.
Here are some reasons why the difference between ROE and ROA can be large for some companies and small for others:
1. Capital Structure: Companies with a higher proportion of debt in their capital structure will generally have a larger difference between ROE and ROA. This is because ROE considers the impact of leverage on equity returns, while ROA focuses on the returns generated by all assets. If a company has a significant amount of debt, it will have higher financial leverage, amplifying the difference between ROE and ROA.
2. Asset Intensity: The difference between ROE and ROA can also be influenced by the asset intensity of a company. Asset-intensive industries, such as manufacturing or utilities, typically require substantial investments in fixed assets. These companies may have a smaller difference between ROE and ROA since a significant portion of their assets contributes directly to generating profits.
3. Profit Margins: Differences in profit margins can contribute to variations in the difference between ROE and ROA. If a company has higher profit margins, it means it is generating more profit from its sales relative to its assets. In this case, the difference between ROE and ROA will tend to be smaller. Conversely, if a company has lower profit margins, it will have a larger difference between ROE and ROA.
4. Business Model and Industry Dynamics: Different industries and business models can lead to varying differences between ROE and ROA. For example, service-based companies that have low asset requirements but can generate high returns on equity may have a smaller difference. On the other hand, capital-intensive industries, such as infrastructure or real estate, may have a larger difference due to the substantial investment in assets required to generate returns.
5. Timing and Investment Decisions: The difference between ROE and ROA can also be influenced by the timing of investments and their impact on equity. If a company makes significant investments that have not yet generated returns, it may temporarily have a larger difference between ROE and ROA. As these investments start generating returns, the difference can decrease.
It's important to note that the difference between ROE and ROA is just one aspect of a company's financial performance. A comprehensive analysis should consider other financial ratios, industry dynamics, competitive positioning, and management strategy to get a more accurate understanding of a company's financial health and performance.
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Beachwood Builders merge with Country Point Homes in August of 2002. Both companies build midscale/luxury homes. Beachwood decided to spin off Country Point due to tax considerations in 2019. When books closed in 2021, Beachwood had $140 million debt outstanding due at a coupon rate of 8%, with a spread of risk-free rate of 2%. They have 5 million common shares ouststanding, with a tax rate of 30% and do dividends. Market Risk Premium is assumed 11%. Common Equity allocated to Country Point spin-off was $157.9 million as of July 31, 2021. Country point has estimated $30 million in net income for 2021, growing $4 million annually through 2025. Estimate the Terminal Value based on a perpetuity growth rate of 3%, then use TV to find the estimated value of Country Point in a proposed spin-off.
The estimated value of Country Point in the proposed spin-off is $186.7 million.
To calculate the terminal value, we use the perpetuity growth rate of 3%. We start by calculating the free cash flow to the firm (FCFF) for 2021. FCFF is calculated as net income plus non-cash expenses minus changes in working capital and capital expenditures. In this case, FCFF is $30 million.
Next, we calculate the terminal value using the formula: Terminal Value = FCFF * (1 + g) / (r - g), where g is the perpetuity growth rate and r is the discount rate. In this case, g is 3% and r is the risk-free rate plus the market risk premium. The risk-free rate is 2% and the market risk premium is 11%, so r is 13%.
Plugging in the values, we have: Terminal Value = $30 million * (1 + 0.03) / (0.13 - 0.03) = $186.7 million.
Therefore, the estimated value of Country Point in the proposed spin-off is $186.7 million.
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What significant reasons would you identify as why outside
stakeholders should be included in decision-making efforts?
Identify problems this arrangement might cause. Explain. Answer
needs to be at le
Including outside stakeholders in decision-making efforts can provide significant benefits, such as diverse perspectives, increased legitimacy, and improved decision outcomes.
However, it can also lead to challenges such as conflicts of interest, slower decision-making processes, and difficulty in managing expectations.
Involving outside stakeholders in decision-making efforts brings several advantages. Firstly, it ensures diverse perspectives and expertise. Different stakeholders, including customers, employees, community members, and experts in relevant fields, can offer unique insights and ideas that may not be considered by internal decision-makers. This diversity of perspectives can lead to more comprehensive and innovative solutions.
Secondly, including outside stakeholders increases the legitimacy and acceptance of decisions. When stakeholders have a voice in decision-making, they feel valued and recognized. This involvement improves trust, transparency, and accountability, enhancing the overall legitimacy of the decision-making process.
However, there are potential problems associated with including outside stakeholders. One challenge is the potential for conflicts of interest. Stakeholders may have conflicting goals, priorities, or biases that could influence decision outcomes in their favor. Managing these conflicts and ensuring that decisions align with the organization's best interests can be complex and require careful navigation.
Additionally, involving outside stakeholders may slow down decision-making processes. Gathering input from multiple stakeholders, conducting consultations, and reaching a consensus can be time-consuming. In situations where quick decisions are necessary, this extended timeline can be a disadvantage.
Managing expectations is another problem that can arise. Different stakeholders may have varying expectations and demands, making it challenging to satisfy everyone. Balancing the interests of diverse stakeholders while making decisions that align with organizational goals and values requires careful consideration and effective communication.
Overall, while including outside stakeholders in decision-making efforts brings valuable perspectives and legitimacy, it can also pose challenges such as conflicts of interest, slower decision-making processes, and managing diverse expectations. Organizations must carefully consider these factors and implement appropriate mechanisms to address potential problems, ensuring a balanced and inclusive decision-making approach.
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Which parts of the care plan do you recommend to be reviewed and revised? Guidance: List specific parts of the care plan that outlines task that are outside the scope of your knowledge, skills or j"
I recommend reviewing and revising the parts of the care plan that include tasks outside the scope of my knowledge, skills, or jurisdiction.
It is important to ensure that the care plan aligns with the expertise and capabilities of the relevant healthcare professionals.
As an AI language model, I don't have access to personal information or specific care plans. However, I can provide general guidance on reviewing and revising care plans. It is crucial to assess the care plan for any tasks that require specialized training, qualifications, or medical expertise beyond what I can provide. In such cases, it is advisable to involve healthcare professionals who are appropriately trained and licensed to handle those specific tasks. Collaborating with healthcare providers ensures that the care plan is accurate, safe, and aligned with the professional standards and regulations governing healthcare practices.When reviewing and revising a care plan, it is essential to consider the following aspects:
1. Task-specific expertise: Identify tasks within the care plan that require specialized knowledge, skills, or certifications beyond what an AI language model can provide. These tasks may include complex medical procedures, administering certain medications, or conducting specific diagnostic tests.
2. Legal and regulatory considerations: Ensure that the care plan adheres to the relevant laws, regulations, and guidelines governing healthcare practices in your jurisdiction. This includes understanding the scope of practice for different healthcare professionals and ensuring that tasks are assigned to the appropriate individuals.
3. Interdisciplinary collaboration: Involve a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals in the review and revision process. Each team member can provide input based on their specific expertise and ensure that the care plan is comprehensive and well-rounded.
4. Patient-specific factors: Consider the unique characteristics and needs of the individual patient when reviewing the care plan. Factors such as medical history, allergies, and personal preferences should be taken into account to tailor the care plan accordingly.
5. Continuous evaluation: Regularly assess the effectiveness of the care plan and make necessary revisions based on feedback, patient outcomes, and new evidence-based practices. Care plans should be dynamic and adaptable to changes in the patient's condition and evolving medical knowledge.
By carefully reviewing and revising the care plan, you can ensure that it is accurate, safe, and tailored to the specific needs of the patient while involving the appropriate healthcare professionals for tasks outside the scope of an AI language model.
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Conclusions about capital budgeting proposals that meet firm-specific criteria and are consistent with the firm's strategic goals. The NPV shows how much value the company is creating for its shareholders. For most firms, the reinvestment rate assumption in the MIRR is more realistic than the assumption in the IRR. Managers have been slow to adopt the IRR, because percentage returns are a harder concept for them to grasp. is the single best method to use when making capital budgeting decisions.
Capital budgeting proposals are used to assess whether a particular investment is worth pursuing by analyzing the expected cash flows that it will generate in the future.
If a proposal satisfies the firm's strategic objectives and meets specific criteria, it is often approved for implementation. One of the most common measures of the value of a capital investment is the net present value (NPV), which shows how much value is being created for shareholders over time.
MIRR assumes that any cash generated from a project is reinvested at a rate that is equal to the MIRR, which is a more realistic assumption than the IRR. Managers, however, have been slow to adopt the IRR because percentage returns are more difficult for them to grasp. Despite this, the IRR remains the single best method for making capital budgeting decisions since it is simple to calculate and offers a clear return on investment for the company.
Overall, when assessing capital budgeting proposals, it is essential to ensure that the investments align with the firm's strategic objectives and meet specific criteria. The NPV, which shows the value created for shareholders, and the IRR, which is simple to calculate and provides a clear return on investment, are two of the most commonly used methods to evaluate the worth of a capital investment.
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8.7. Refer to problem 8.6. Chelsea Clinic's actual results for 2020 are shown in the table below. (continued) Chapter. 8: Financial Planning and Budgeting a. Construct Chelsea Clinic's flexible budget and actual operating results for 2020 . 8.6. Chelsea Clinic projected the following budget information for 2020 : PROBLEM: 8.7, A HINT: THERE ARE 11 REQUIRED FORMULAS DO ACTUAL Results ONLY. DO NOT do flexible budget
Remember to use the actual volume and budgeted volume provided in problem 8.6 to calculate the flexible budget amounts.
To construct Chelsea Clinic's flexible budget and actual operating results for 2020, you would need to follow these steps:
1. Gather the actual results for each expense category for 2020 from the table provided.
2. Use the formula for each expense category to calculate the flexible budget amount. The formula is:
Flexible budget = Budgeted amount * (Actual volume / Budgeted volume)
Apply this formula to each expense category using the actual volume and budgeted volume provided in problem 8.6.
3. Sum up the flexible budget amounts for all expense categories to get the total flexible budget for 2020.
4. Calculate the actual operating results by subtracting the actual expenses from the total flexible budget. This will give you the difference between the budgeted amount and the actual amount spent in each expense category.
5. Present the flexible budget and actual operating results in a table, similar to the one provided for the actual results in the problem.
Remember to use the actual volume and budgeted volume provided in problem 8.6 to calculate the flexible budget amounts.
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Q2) Consider the financial statement of Kmart given in the table below. A. Calculate the financial ratios of Kmart in 2010 and 2000 shm........ workings Analyze the change between the years 2009 and 2010 in terms of financial ratios. Which financial ratios would you check to evaluate the performance of inventory management and cash management? Which year is better in terms of inventory management and cash management?
To evaluate the performance of inventory management, you would check the inventory turnover ratio. This ratio measures how efficiently a company is managing its inventory by comparing the cost of goods sold (COGS) to the average inventory. The formula for inventory turnover ratio is:
Inventory Turnover Ratio = COGS / Average Inventory
To evaluate the performance of cash management, you would check the cash conversion cycle (CCC). The CCC measures how long it takes for a company to convert its investments in inventory and other resources into cash flows from sales. The formula for the cash conversion cycle is:
CCC = Days Inventory Outstanding + Days Sales Outstanding - Days Payable Outstanding
Now, to analyze the change between the years 2009 and 2010 in terms of financial ratios, you would calculate the inventory turnover ratio and the cash conversion cycle for both years. Then, compare the ratios for each year to see if there is an improvement or decline.
To determine which year is better in terms of inventory management, compare the inventory turnover ratios for 2009 and 2010. A higher inventory turnover ratio indicates better inventory management, as it means the company is selling its inventory more quickly.
To determine which year is better in terms of cash management, compare the cash conversion cycles for 2009 and 2010. A shorter cash conversion cycle indicates better cash management, as it means the company is able to convert its investments into cash flows more quickly.
Please provide the necessary data for the years 2009 and 2010, such as the COGS, average inventory, days inventory outstanding, days sales outstanding, and days payable outstanding, so that I can help you with the calculations and comparison.
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a. What is the company's total debt? b. What is the amount of total liabilities and equity that appears on the firm's balance sheet? $ c. What is the balance of current assets on the firm's balance sheet? $ d. What is the balance of current liabilities on the firm's balance sheet? $ e. What is the amount of accounts payable and accruals on its balance sheet? (Hint: Consider this as a single line item on the firm's balance sheet.) $ f. What is the firm's net working capital? If your answer is zero, enter "0". $ g. What is the firm's net operating working capital? $ h. What is the monetary difference between your answers to part f and g ? $ What does this difference indicate?
a. To find the company's total debt, we add long-term debt and current liabilities together .Total debt = Long-term debt + Current liabilities = $325 million + $207 million
= $532 million.
b. To determine the amount of total liabilities and equity that appears on the firm's balance sheet, we add the firm's total liabilities and total equity .Total liabilities and equity = Total liabilities + Shareholders' equity
= $425 million + $115 million
= $540 million
c. The balance of current assets on the firm's balance sheet is $280 million.
d. The balance of current liabilities on the firm's balance sheet is $207 million.
e. The amount of accounts payable and accruals on its balance sheet is $177 million.
f. Net working capital is calculated by subtracting current liabilities from current assets. Therefore, the company's net working capital is: Net working capital = Current assets − Current liabilities
= $280 million − $207 million
= $73 million.
g. Net operating working capital is the difference between operating current assets and operating current liabilities. Net operating working capital = Operating current assets − Operating current liabilities
= $240 million − $170 million
= $70 million.
h. The monetary difference between the answers to parts f and g is $3 million. This indicates that the company has a small amount of excess cash or short-term marketable securities.
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A bike dealer based in Chicago is about to place an order to stock the new "Model Y". Each bike is purchased for £15,000, and its selling price is £20,000. However, if any of the bikes are unsold, they must be sold off for £12,000. The demand is estimated to be normally distributedwith a mean of 400 and a standard deviation of 120.How many bikesshould the retailer order in order to maximize expected profit?Suppose the supplier decides to offer a buy-back contract so that any unsold motorbikes are returned to the supplier who refunds the retailer£13,000 per motorbike. How many more bikes would the retailer order under the buy-back contract relative to the original?
To maximize expected profit, the bike retailer should order the quantity of bikes where the marginal profit equals zero. By comparing the expected revenue and expected cost, taking into account the probability of selling or discounting unsold bikes, the optimal order quantity can be determined.
In the original scenario without the buy-back contract, the retailer needs to calculate the expected profit for different order quantities using the normal distribution. This involves subtracting the expected cost, considering the probability of unsold bikes being discounted, from the expected revenue based on the demand distribution. The order quantity that yields the highest expected profit should be selected. In the case of the buy-back contract, the retailer has the option to return unsold bikes to the supplier for a refund. This reduces the risk of losses from unsold inventory. With the buy-back contract, the expected profit is likely to be higher as the retailer can recover a portion of the cost for unsold bikes. To determine the additional quantity of bikes the retailer would order under the buy-back contract relative to the original scenario, a comparison of the expected profits for both cases is necessary. If the expected profit is higher under the buy-back contract, the retailer should order more bikes compared to the original scenario. By carefully analyzing the expected profit and considering the buy-back contract's benefits, the retailer can make an informed decision regarding the optimal order quantity.
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Best Pies"" pizza is interested in estimating the cycle time of its delivery process. The manager estimates that typical cycle time for deliveries range between 10 – 45mins. She would like to collect data to know the average cycle time within a 5min precision window. How many samples does she need to collect to ascertain this information?
To estimate the average cycle time of deliveries for Best Pies pizza with a 5-minute precision, the manager needs to collect at least 12 samples. This will provide a 95% confidence level, assuming a worst-case standard deviation based on the range of possible values (10-45 minutes).
To estimate the required number of samples, we can use a formula based on the desired precision and the range of possible values.
The range of cycle time for deliveries is given as 10 – 45 minutes, which is a span of 35 minutes (45 - 10 = 35).
The desired precision is stated as 5 minutes.
To estimate the required number of samples, we can use the following formula:
n = ((Z * σ) / E)²
Where:
n = required number of samples
Z = Z-score corresponding to the desired confidence level (we'll assume a 95% confidence level, which corresponds to a Z-score of 1.96)
σ = standard deviation of the population (unknown in this case)
E = desired precision (5 minutes)
Since the standard deviation (σ) of the population is unknown, we can assume a worst-case scenario where σ is maximum. In this case, the worst-case standard deviation can be approximated as the range divided by 4 (35 / 4 = 8.75).
Substituting the values into the formula:
n = ((1.96 * 8.75) / 5)²
n ≈ (17.15 / 5)²
n ≈ 3.43²
n ≈ 11.77
Therefore, the manager needs to collect at least 12 samples to estimate the average cycle time within a 5-minute precision window.
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