explain? association of southeast asian nations (asean)

The statement "When an adult who is learning a second language (L2) makes a grammatical error in the L2, all such errors can be attributed to features in their first language" is false because, in second language learning, it is likely that errors will be produced by learners.

An adult's grammatical errors in the second language, L2, can not be attributed solely to characteristics of their first language, L1. As learners progress in acquiring L2, their L1 characteristics have an impact on their L2 competence. It's also important to note that the impact of L1 varies across L2 learners, and it's influenced by factors such as learner characteristics, the characteristics of the L2 they are learning, and their learning context.

The learner's second language may be influenced by many other factors such as the context of acquisition, level of proficiency, amount of exposure, and the influence of social factors. Also, factors such as learning strategies, motivation, and learning styles can be important in L2 development.

Therefore, it's incorrect to assume that all errors in L2 can be attributed to L1 features.

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Paraphrasing: Restating someone else's ideas in your own words.

Quoting: Using someone else's words directly and enclosing them in quotation marks.

Paraphrasing is the process of expressing someone else's ideas or information in your own words while retaining the original meaning. It requires understanding the source material and rephrasing it without changing the core message. Paraphrasing allows you to incorporate another person's ideas into your writing while maintaining your own voice and style. It is a useful skill for summarizing information, explaining complex concepts, or providing evidence to support your arguments. By paraphrasing, you can demonstrate your understanding of the topic and showcase your ability to communicate information effectively.

Quoting, on the other hand, involves directly using someone else's words and placing them within quotation marks. This is done to provide an exact representation of the original source. Quoting is particularly useful when you want to emphasize a specific phrase, provide evidence from an authoritative source, or analyze the language used by the original author. By using quotation marks and properly citing the source, you acknowledge the original author's contribution and avoid presenting someone else's words as your own.

Understanding the difference between paraphrasing and quoting is crucial for several reasons. Firstly, it helps you maintain academic integrity by avoiding plagiarism. Plagiarism is the act of presenting someone else's work or ideas as your own without giving proper credit. By paraphrasing or quoting correctly and providing appropriate citations, you ensure that you are acknowledging the original source and respecting intellectual property rights.

Secondly, understanding the difference allows you to effectively incorporate external sources into your writing while maintaining clarity and coherence. Paraphrasing allows you to integrate information smoothly, blending it with your own ideas and arguments. Quoting, on the other hand, enables you to preserve the original wording when it is essential for your analysis or when the author's specific language is particularly impactful.

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One recommended JEE prepration channel that explains physical, analytical, organic, and inorganic chemistry in English is "LearnEx Online."

If you are looking for a JEE preparation channel that provides explanations in English, I would recommend checking out "LearnEx Online." This channel offers comprehensive lessons on various topics, including physical, analytical, organic, and inorganic chemistry, all delivered in English.

LearnEx Online is known for its clear and concise explanations, making complex concepts easier to understand. The channel covers the required JEE syllabus and provides in-depth discussions, problem-solving techniques, and practice exercises to enhance your understanding and problem-solving skills in chemistry.

By following "LearnEx Online," you can access high-quality educational content that aligns with the JEE requirements while being presented in English. This will help bridge the language barrier and allow you to grasp the concepts effectively. Whether you are a non-native English speaker or simply prefer learning in English, this channel can be a valuable resource for your JEE preparation.

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A language that is considered a common language among a linguistically diverse group of people and the main language of communication is called a lingua franca.

A lingua franca is a language that serves as a means of communication between people who have different native languages. It is typically used in situations where multiple languages are spoken, such as in international business, trade, diplomacy, or tourism. The term "lingua franca" originated from the Mediterranean region, where a simplified form of Italian, known as "Frankish language," was used as a common tongue among speakers of different languages.

Lingua franca languages are often simplified and consist of a mixture of vocabulary and grammar from different languages. They aim to facilitate basic communication and understanding among speakers who do not share a common native language. English is one of the most widely recognized and used lingua franca languages in the world today. It is employed as a common language in many international contexts, including academia, aviation, and the internet.

The use of a lingua franca allows people from diverse linguistic backgrounds to interact and exchange information effectively. It helps overcome language barriers and promotes global communication and understanding. While it may not replace individuals' native languages, a lingua franca plays a crucial role in facilitating intercultural interactions and fostering international cooperation.

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The empiricist approach to language suggests that we acquire language with experience.

The empiricist approach to language, also known as the behaviorist perspective, posits that language is learned through experiences and interactions with the environment. According to this view, infants are not born with innate knowledge of language, but instead, they gradually acquire linguistic skills through observation, imitation, and reinforcement.

From the moment a child is born, they are exposed to a rich linguistic environment, surrounded by caregivers, family members, and peers who communicate through language. As they interact with others, infants begin to discern patterns, sounds, and gestures associated with language. They imitate these patterns and receive feedback in the form of praise or correction, which helps shape their linguistic development.

Through repeated exposure and practice, children start to understand the meaning of words, grasp grammatical structures, and acquire vocabulary. They learn to communicate their thoughts, needs, and emotions, gradually building upon their language skills. The empiricist approach emphasizes the role of environmental factors, such as social interaction, cultural context, and reinforcement, in shaping language acquisition.

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The meaning of words, phrases, and sentences refers to the main role of syntax in understanding and communicating language.

Syntax is the structure and organization of words, phrases, and sentences in a language. It governs how words are combined to form meaningful units and how these units are arranged to convey specific meanings. In other words, it deals with the rules and principles that guide the formation of grammatically correct and meaningful sentences.

At the word level, syntax examines the internal structure of words, including their morphemes (the smallest units of meaning) and how they are combined to form different word forms. This helps us understand the relationships between words and their meanings.

At the phrase and sentence level, syntax focuses on the arrangement of words and phrases to create coherent and meaningful expressions. It examines the roles of different words within a sentence (such as subject, verb, and object) and the order in which they are placed to convey specific meanings. Syntax also helps us understand how phrases and sentences are organized to express relationships between ideas, such as time, cause and effect, and condition.

Overall, syntax plays a crucial role in language comprehension and production. By understanding the rules and principles of syntax, we can decode the meaning of words, phrases, and sentences, and express our thoughts and ideas clearly and effectively.

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True. There is no single proven method for learning a second language successfully.

The statement is true because there is no one-size-fits-all approach or universally proven method for learning a second language successfully. Language learning is a complex process influenced by various factors such as individual learning styles, motivation, exposure to the language, prior language learning experience, cultural immersion, and many other variables.

Different individuals may find success using different methods or techniques based on their unique learning preferences and circumstances. Some people may benefit from formal classroom instruction, while others may prefer self-study through online resources or immersive language programs.

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बस यात्रा का अनुभव

मैंने हाल ही में एक बस यात्रा की गई और वह मुझे बहुत ही यादगार और मजेदार लगी। इसलिए, मैं इस अनुच्छेद के माध्यम से अपने बस यात्रा के अनुभव को साझा करना चाहता हूँ।

मैंने बस यात्रा का आयोजन अपने परिवार के साथ किया था। हम सभी ने समय पर बस स्टैंड पर पहुंचकर अपनी यात्रा शुरू की। जैसे ही हमने बस में प्रवेश किया, हमारे आस-पास एक आदर्श दृश्य था। बस के भीतर कंफर्टेबल सीटें थीं और बस की सुविधाओं ने हमें प्रभावित कर दिया।

यात्रा के दौरान, मैंने खिड़कियों से बाहर की दुनिया का आनंद लिया। रास्ते पर देखने को कई मनोहारी दृश्य थे। आसपास की प्रकृति का दृश्य मेरे मन को शांति और प्रसन्नता से भर दिया।

बस यात्रा के दौरान, मैंने भी नए लोगों से मिलने का अवसर पाया। हमने बातचीत की और अपने अनुभवों को साझा किया। यह यात्रा मुझे अपनी सामरिकता को बढ़ाने और सामाजिक संपर्क को मजबूत करने का अवसर

Validity refers to the logical structure of an argument, while soundness takes into account both the logical structure and the truth of the premises.

An argument can be valid but not sound.

Validity is a measure of the logical structure of an argument. It determines whether the conclusion follows logically from the premises. An argument is valid if the conclusion necessarily follows from the premises, regardless of the truth or falsity of the statements involved. In other words, if the premises were true, the conclusion would have to be true as well. Validity is concerned with the internal consistency and coherence of the argument.

Soundness, on the other hand, not only considers the logical structure but also takes into account the truth or falsity of the premises. An argument is sound if it is valid and all of its premises are true. Soundness requires both logical validity and the truth of the premises, ensuring that the conclusion is not only logically derived but also based on accurate information or claims.

An argument that is valid but not sound can establish its conclusion to be true in a hypothetical sense. It means that if the premises were true, the conclusion would also be true. However, because at least one premise is false, the argument lacks soundness, and we cannot accept the conclusion as necessarily true.

An argument that is not valid cannot have a true conclusion. The lack of validity means that the conclusion does not logically follow from the premises. Even if the conclusion happens to be true in reality, it is not established by the flawed reasoning of the argument. The truth of the conclusion would be a matter of coincidence rather than a result of logical deduction.

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Answer:Apply The Eye Test, The Acid Test, The Lie Detector Test to an unseen poem – Simon Armitage’s advice still holds good!’. Details here. We’ve also spotted this fantastic free resource for A-Level students and teachers on FutureLearn, run by the University of Reading. It’s a two-week course that will help you break down a poem,

Explanation:

Before beginning a narrative in ASL, you should establish C- the time period and physical setting

Before beginning a narrative in American Sign Language (ASL), it is important to establish the time period and physical setting of the story. This helps provide context and sets the stage for the audience to better understand and follow the narrative.

Establishing the time period involves indicating whether the story takes place in the present, past, or future. This can be done through sign language indicators like specific time signs or by referencing significant events or historical periods.

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exposition → the point in a story when the reader  first learns about the characters and setting

rising action → the part of a story when the conflict  begins and events follow from that conflict

climax → the most intense part of a story, where  the main character faces a major crisis

falling action → the moment when the main character  has a change of heart or figures out  how to overcome the conflict at hand

resolution → the point in the story when all loose  ends are tied up and the story ends

In literature, we can define the exposition as the part of the story where the narrator introduces the characters, the setting, and the theme to readers. This where the author sets the stage for the story to happen.

Rising action happens after the exposition, when the environment for conflicts to arise has been established. Rising action consists of a series of events, smaller conflicts, that will eventually lead to a major conflict.

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Match each plot element to its definition.

Match Term Definition

Climax A) The turning point of a story where the protagonist makes a decision to resolve the conflict

Exposition B) The part of a story where the conflict increases and the tension or suspense builds

Falling action C) The conflict is resolved, and the life lesson learned by the protagonist becomes clear

Resolution D) The beginning of a story, in which you are introduced to the characters and the setting

Rising action E) The protagonist faces the consequences of their decision in the turning point

Code-switching refers to the variation between two languages used by a bilingual speaker, respecting grammatical rules and categories.

Code-switching is a linguistic phenomenon where a bilingual individual switches between two or more languages within a conversation or even a sentence. It involves the seamless integration of words or phrases from different languages while still adhering to the grammatical rules and structures of each language. Code-switching is commonly observed among bilingual communities and is influenced by various factors such as social context, cultural identity, and language proficiency.

When engaging in code-switching, bilingual speakers draw upon their linguistic repertoire to select the most appropriate words or phrases from each language to convey their message effectively. This linguistic flexibility allows them to navigate different social settings, adapt to diverse interlocutors, and express nuanced meanings that may not be easily conveyed in a single language.

Code-switching can occur at different levels, ranging from individual words or phrases to entire sentences or conversations. It serves various purposes, such as emphasizing a particular concept or identity, filling lexical gaps, or displaying cultural affiliation. The ability to code-switch is a reflection of linguistic competence and cultural proficiency, enabling bilingual individuals to navigate the complexities of multilingual environments.

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One of the most famous epic poems in Hindu mythology is the Ramayana.The epic of Ramayana, an age-old Hindu saga, narrates the accounts of Lord Rama, his loyal follower Hanuman, and his consort Sita.  

This collection is made up of seven volumes,  referred to as Kandas. The Balakanda section acquaints us with the origins and early life of Lord Rama.

Ayodhyakanda is mainly concerned with Rama's banishment and the occurrences that transpired in Ayodhya. Aranyakanda highlights Rama's venture in the woods while being exiled.

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To design a presentation activity that focuses on teaching the meaning, pronunciation, and form of the target language while allowing students to discover the meaning on their own.

In this presentation activity, we aim to create an engaging and interactive learning experience for students while teaching them the target language. To achieve this, we will follow three key steps: introducing the target language, guiding students to discover its meaning, and practicing its pronunciation and form.

First, we will begin by introducing the target language in a contextually relevant and visually stimulating way. This could involve presenting a short video clip, displaying relevant images, or sharing a short anecdote that captures the essence of the language. By creating a meaningful context, we capture students' attention and generate curiosity about the language.

Next, we move on to the discovery phase, where we encourage students to explore the meaning of the target language on their own. Instead of directly telling them the meaning, we can present a series of engaging questions or scenarios that require them to infer the meaning through context and visual cues. This allows for a more active and personalized learning experience as students actively engage their critical thinking skills and build connections between the language and its meaning.

After students have discovered the meaning, we shift our focus to pronunciation and form. We can employ various techniques such as modeling correct pronunciation, providing guided practice through repetition, and using interactive exercises to reinforce the target language's form. By actively involving students in pronunciation practice, we enhance their ability to accurately produce the sounds and intonation patterns of the language.

To summarize, this presentation activity is designed to promote active learning and discovery of the target language's meaning while also emphasizing pronunciation and form. By creating a meaningful context, guiding students to discover meaning, and providing opportunities for pronunciation practice, we foster a comprehensive and engaging learning experience.

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Creating a bibliography or reference page in APA format involves providing full citations for the sources used. Here are the citations for the four requested sources:

1. Book:

AuthorLastName, AuthorFirstNameInitial. (Year). Title of book. Publisher.

Example:

Smith, J. R. (2019). The Art of Public Speaking. Random House.

2. Website:

AuthorLastName, AuthorFirstNameInitial. (Year). Title of webpage/document. Site Name. Retrieved from URL

Example:

Johnson, S. A. (2022). Effective Public Speaking Tips. Public Speaking Resources. Retrieved from https://www.publicspeakingresources.com/effective-tips.html

3. Scholarly Journal Article:

AuthorLastName, AuthorFirstNameInitial. (Year). Title of article. Journal Title, Volume(Issue), Page range. DOI or URL if available.

Example:

Miller, C. D. (2021). The Impact of Nonverbal Communication on Public Speaking. Journal of Communication Studies, 42(3), 215-230. doi:10.xxxx/xxxxxx

4. Newspaper Article:

AuthorLastName, AuthorFirstNameInitial. (Year, Month Day). Title of article. Newspaper Title. Retrieved from URL

Example:

Johnson, M. (2023, June 14). Public Speaking Skills in the Digital Age. The Daily Gazette. Retrieved from https://www.dailygazette.com/article/12345/public-speaking-digital-age

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Answer:

good luck with the characters